From what I already know, I suspect that the long and improper name _plumbum candidum_ began in the fourth century to be exchanged for _stannum_; and it is probable that, at that time, tin was so abundant that it banished the old _stannum_, to which it might have a resemblance. In later centuries, then, _stannum_ always signified tin; and in the middle ages various words were arbitrarily formed from it which do not occur in the Latin authors. The _stannea tecta_, or roof of the church at Agen, on the Garonne, in Guienne, described by the ecclesiastical poet Fortunatus[539], about the end of the sixth century, consisted undoubtedly of tinned plates of copper. _Stagnare_ occurs often for tinning, as _stagnator_ does for a tin-founder. In the thirteenth century, Henry III. of England gave as a present a _stagnarium_ or a _stannaria_, a tin mine or tin work, or as others say, _fodina stanni_. In the fourteenth century, there was in England, under Edward III., a _stannaria curia_; and in the same century, besides various other ornaments, _lunulæ stanneatæ_ were forbidden to the clergy. In a catalogue of the year 1379, the following articles occur: “tria parva stanna modici valoris ... item unum stannum parvum ... item duo magna stanna[540].” In regard to the tin trade of the Spaniards, I can unfortunately say nothing: the tin-works in Spain, we are told, were abandoned under the government of the Moors. England, as is generally asserted, enjoyed an exclusive trade in this metal till the thirteenth century, when the tin mines were discovered and worked in Bohemia. But the exact time when this took place I am not able to determine. The Bohemian works, in all probability, are older than the Saxon; but it is still more certain that the account given by Hagec, that they were known so early as the year 798, is entirely void of foundation[541].