[588] Orig. xx. 6. Fire-engines are used in many towns to wash the windows in the upper stories, which cannot be taken out. [589] See Digest. i. tit. 15, where all persons are ordered to have water always ready in their houses. Also Digest. 47, tit. 9. Many things relating to this subject may be found in L. A. Hambergeri Opuscula, Jenæ et Lips. 1740, 8vo, p. 12; in the Dissertation de Incendiis. Further information respecting the police establishment of the Romans in regard to fires, is contained in two dissertations, entitled G. C. Marquarti de Cura Romanorum circa Incendia. Lips. 1689, 4to. And Ev. Ottonis Dissertat de Officio Præfecti Vigilum circa Incendia. Ultrajecti 1733. [590] Digest. xxxiii. 7, 18. Dier. Genial. v. 24. [591] Controvers. 9, libri ii. [592] In Germany also the roads and the distance between the ruts made by cart-wheels were in old times very narrow. Some years ago, when the new tile-kiln was built before the Geismar gate at Göttingen, there was found at a great depth, a proof of its antiquity, a street or road which had formerly proceeded to the city with so small a space marked out by carriage-wheels, that one like it is not to be seen in Germany. [593] Lib. ii. cap. 8. [594] Hanovii Disquisitiones. Gedani 1750, 4to, p. 65. [595] Annæ Comnenæ Alexiad. lib. 16. p. 385; πῦρ ὑγρόν. [596] A projectile machine of this kind is mentioned by Joinville, p. 39. [597] See the passage of Anna Comnena quoted by Hanov. p. 335. [598] In Leonis Allatii Σύμμικτα. Colon. 1653, 8vo, p. 239. [599] Cap. 19, § 6, p. 322. [600] Pp. 344, 346. [601] Thus in the year 1466 straw thatch, and in 1474 the use of shingles were forbidden at Frankfort.--Lersner, ii. p. 22. [602] Doppelmayer says that the water was driven to the height of a hundred feet. [603] Doppelmayer, p. 303. [604] Contin. du Traite de la Police, par De la Mare, p. 137. [605] Mathematik zum Nutzen und Vergnügen, 8vo, p. 396. [606] Lib. x. cap. 12. [607] Spiritualia, 36, p. 35. [608] Vol. i. p. 120, tab. 45, fig. 2. [609] In the patent, however, they were named _Jan_ and _Nicholas van der Heyden_. [610] Beschryving der nieuwliiks uitgevonden Slang-Brand-Spuiten, Jan van der Heide, Amst. 1690, folio. [611] Poliorcet. page 32. [612] Leipziger Intelligenzblatt, 1775, p. 345; and 1767, p. 69. Teutscher Merkur, 1783. [613] Lysons’s Environs of London. [614] Vestitus Sacerdotum Hebræorum. Amst. 1701, 4to, i. p. 273. Much useful information in regard to various improvements in the apparatus for extinguishing fires may be found in Aug. Niemann Uebersicht der Sicherungsmittel gegen Feuersgefahren. Hamb. und Kiel, 1796, 8vo. INDIGO.