There is considerable difference among critics in dating these frescoes, and no objective evidence. The early date, 1322–25, suggested by Venturi and Van Marle, is confirmed by the stylistic character of the work. It lacks the calligraphic, linear formulas which abound in Simone’s works after 1330. The early date also agrees with the general probabilities of the course of events in the decoration of the Lower Church at Assisi. Footnote 21: Frey’s ed. Berlin, 1886, p. 42. Footnote 22: The contract for this altar-piece is translated in the illustrations to chapter II, p. 106. Footnote 23: Venturi, Vol. V, pp. 680–694, offers a sensible compromise view of the authorship of this series, assigning to Pietro himself only the Deposition, Entombment, Stigmatization of St. Francis and a Madonna and Saints, ascribing most of the subjects to an assistant. Dr. Ernest Dewald in a forthcoming Princeton dissertation takes a more skeptical view than Venturi as to Pietro’s presence at Assisi. Footnote 24: However the “Cecelia Master,” active about 1300, deals ably with such spatial problems. See O. Sirén, _Burlington Magazine_, Vol. XXXIV, p. 234, and XXXVI, p. 4. and _Giotto_, plates 11–13, Vol. II. Footnote 25: _Sassetta._ Bernard Berenson. _A Painter of the Franciscan Legend_, (Sassetta), London and New York, 1909. Footnote 26: _Matteo di Giovanni._ We have the standard work of G. Hartlaub, _Matteo da Siena_, Strassburg, 1910. Mr. Berenson in _Essays in the Study of Sienese Painting_, New York, 1918, essay on Cozzarelli, has made useful criticisms of the list of pictures usually ascribed to Matteo. Footnote 27: _Sodoma._ Hobart Cust, _Giovanni Antonio Bazzi, usually styled “Sodoma,”_ New York, 1906. CHAPTER III.—MASACCIO AND THE NEW REALISM On the general matter of the realists of the Early Renaissance not much has been added to Crowe and Cavalcaselle, but Mr. Berenson’s comment in _Florentine Painters_ and _Central Italian Painters of the Renaissance_ is of high critical value. Vasari is interesting, but never more inaccurate than when dealing with this group. As usual the latest collected information is in Venturi. _Storia_, Vol. VII, part I, and elsewhere. Footnote 28: Matteo Villani, _Istorie_, Florence, 1581, Lib. I, cap. iv, pp. 5–6. Footnote 29: _Lorenzo Monaco._ The standard work is by O. Sirén, _Don Lorenzo Monaco_, Strassburg, 1905. Footnote 30: _Fra Angelico._ Langton Douglas. _Fra Angelico_, London and New York, 1900. Vasari’s _Life_ is admirable and in essentials correct. Footnote 31: