Leaving Crompton for the moment, we must note that in 1784 the Rev. Edmund Cartwright took out his first patent for the invention of a power-loom, for which he obtained a grant from Parliament of £10,000. This loom never came into general use. It was not until some years later, and after several futile attempts, that a power-loom was made adaptable. Crompton, after much trouble and anxiety, did ultimately get from the House of Commons £5,000, which he afterwards lost in the bleaching trade, which was at that time making considerable progress. When he had reached his seventy-second year, some friends raised for him an annuity of £65, which he only enjoyed for a short time, as he died in Bolton on June 26, 1827, aged seventy-four years. Thus was treated another of Lancashire's greatest benefactors, who, whilst he lived, was left to feel that "chill penury" which "froze the genial current of his soul," but who after his death was thought worthy of a statue in copper-bronze, which cost nearly £2,000, and now forms one of the chief monuments of the town of Bolton. So rapid was the result of these various means of developing the manufacture of cotton that in 1787 there were over forty cotton-mills in Lancashire, and seventeen in Yorkshire; those in other parts of England increased the aggregate to 119, whilst the value of cotton goods manufactured rose from £600,000 in 1766 to £3,304,371 in 1787, showing the increase in twenty-one years to be five and a half fold. In the last decade of the century a stop to further progress appeared imminent, as nearly all the sites where water-power was available had been utilized to the utmost; but fortunately, while Arkwright and Crompton had been perfecting the machinery for cotton manufacture, Watts was completing his labours to render steam-power available for rotative motion. Before 1782 steam-engines had been used exclusively for pumping water out of mines, but in 1785 Boulton and Wall erected a steam-engine to work the cotton mill of Messrs. Robinson, at Papplewick, in Nottinghamshire, and four years later Manchester had its first steam-engine applied to cotton manufacture. In 1790 in Bolton a cotton mill was turned by steam, and before the end of the century this motive power was adopted in a few other places in the county. Cotton-mills worked by horse and water power were now common enough in all the large towns where textile manufacture formed part of the trade carried on. This enormous increase in local textile manufacture led at once to a similar development of the manufacturing of machinery, the raising of coals, and of all other industries required to carry on the now staple trades.