The representation of Lancashire in Parliament was slightly increased
in 1559 by the addition of two members--one for Clitheroe and another
for Newton-in-the-Willows; the latter was not a borough even by
prescriptive right, and the selection of its representative rested
almost exclusively with the lord of the manor as late as 1797, when a
contested election resulted in a poll of only 66 votes. Except some
slight alterations during the Commonwealth, the representation of
the county remained unchanged until the passing of the Reform Act in
1832. As illustrating the everyday life in Lancashire in the time of
Elizabeth, the following list of prices and wages is interesting. It
is taken from the steward's accounts of the Shuttleworths, of Gawthorp
Hall (near Burnley).
PROVISIONS.--A salt salmon, a fresh salmon, a salt fish and two
salt eels, 2s.; red herring and a hundred sprats, 1s.; a quart of
vinegar, 4d.; a quart of wine, 6d.; a pound of figs, 4d.; a quarter
of veal, 12d.; a quarter of mutton, 1s. 6d.; 10¾ gallons of claret
wine, 14s. 4d.; for three quarters of sack, 2s.; five chickens,
6d.; a pound of pepper, 4s.; thirty-two snipes, 22d.; four lapwings
and two plovers, 8d.; half a fat lamb, 2s. 6d.; three geese, 15d.;
half a peck of pears, 6d.; white wine, 2s. a gallon; ten woodcocks,
22d.; fine couple of rabbits, 3s. 9d.; a peck of cockles, 4d.; a
pike and a bream, 3s. 8d.; two dozen dace and a perch, 5d.; a peck
of apples, 2s. 4d.; a peck of oysters, 6d.; a fat pig, 2s.; five
eggs, 1d.; eight gosling, 20d.; a stone of butter, 3s. 4d.
WAGES.--A smith, per day, 6d.; a day's mowing, 6d.; for ditching,
4d. a rood; working in the delph (stone quarry) six days, 15d.; for
blending and spinning 5½ stone of wool, 13s. 9d.; for weaving and
colouring part of the said wool, 3s. 8d.; for fulling and dressing
the said cloth, 4s. 10d.; soleing a pair of shoes, 5d.; spinning
wool for blankets, 2s. a stone; weaving pieces of blankets, ¾d.
a yard; whitewashing, 2d. to 4d. a day; a stonemason, 4d. a day;
weaving 24 yards of canvas, 22d.
SUNDRIES.--A load of wheat, 10s.; a cow, 26s.; twinters (calves two
winters old), 22s.; an ox, £2 8s.; 100 bricks, 1s.; two sheepskins
for arrow-case, 10d.; a quire of paper, 4d.; six chaldrons (of 36
bushels each) of sea coal[121] at the ship, £4 16s.; for bringing
the same to the house, 12s.; and for watching them one night, 1s.;
three pairs of shoes for the children, 3s. 10d.
In considering the rate of wages, it must be borne in mind that at this
period the labourer often had board as well as wages.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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