A history of land mammals in the western hemisphereScott, William Berryman
History
A history of land mammals in the western hemisphere
Scott, William Berryman
Mammals; Mammals, Fossil
It would lead us too far to attempt a description of this horde of
curious and interesting rodents, so only a few of the more striking
and characteristic forms can be mentioned. There are two genera of
porcupines (_Coendou_ and _Chætomys_), both arboreal, which belong in
the same family as the North American _Erethizon_, but are distinguished
by their long, prehensile tails, which they use, as monkeys and opossums
do, for grasping and climbing. The very large family of the Octodontidæ
has 17 Neotropical genera and four others are found in Africa. The
Degu (_Octodon_) of Chili, Bolivia and Peru has the appearance of a
large rat with tufted tail; the tuco-tucos (_Ctenomys_) are extremely
abundant burrowers in Patagonia, where they honeycomb the ground over
wide areas. The spiny rats (_Echimys_ and _Loncheres_) are so called
from their appearance, not because they are related to the true rats;
they have numerous horny spikes through the fur of the back. The Coypu
(_Myocastor_) is a large, aquatic animal, remotely like the northern
Muskrat, and the Hutias (_Capromys_ and _Plagiodontia_) are arboreal
and found only in Cuba, Hayti and Jamaica. The chinchillas (_Chinchilla_
and _Lagidium_) of the Andes and the Vizcacha (_Viscaccia_) of the
Argentine plains have somewhat the appearance of hares, but with long
and bushy tails. The cavies, to which the familiar, misnamed Guinea-Pig
(_Cavia porcellus_) belongs, are a very characteristic family; besides
the true cavies, it includes the Patagonian Mara (_Dolichotis_), a large,
long-legged, long-eared, short-tailed creature, and the Water-Hog, or
Carpincho (_Hydrochærus_), an aquatic animal, as its name implies, and
much the largest of existing rodents; it occurs in the warmer regions,
south to Argentina. The heavy Paca (_Agouti_) and the slender-limbed
Agouti (_Dasyprocta_) make up another family. Altogether, this assemblage
of the porcupine-like suborder of rodents is a very remarkable one and in
no other region of the earth is anything like it to be found.
[Illustration: FIG. 106.—Hairy-rumped Agouti (_Dasyprocta
prymnolopha_).—By permission of W. S. Berridge, London.]
[Illustration: FIG. 107.—Three-toed Sloth (_Bradypus tridactylus_).—By
permission of the N.Y. Zoölog. Soc.]
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