There are considerable differences in proportions and general appearance among the various species, but they all have short necks, very long and massive bodies, short and heavy limbs and short, columnar feet, which look much like those of elephants, but have only three toes each. In all but two of the living species the upper lip is prehensile and characteristically pointed and can be used to pick up very small objects, like the “finger” on an elephant’s trunk; in the Sumatran species (_Dicerorhinus sumatrensis_) the lip, though pointed, is horny and inflexible, while in the African _O. simus_ it is broad and straight-edged. The teeth of the modern rhinoceroses are extremely characteristic and may always be recognized at a glance. In the African genus (_Opsiceros_) there are no front teeth, all the incisors and canines being lost; the other genera have on each side a single large and trenchant upper incisor, in shape like a broad, obliquely edged chisel, which shears against a still larger elongate and tusk-like lower incisor, that is procumbent and points directly forward. The Indian Rhinoceros (_R. unicornis_) is said to use its tusks as weapons in very much the same fashion as the Wild Boar. Between the large lower tusks there is a pair of very small incisors, which can have little or no functional value; the third lower incisor has been suppressed, as have also the canines of both jaws. The dental formula then is: _i_ 1/2 or 0/0, _c_ 0/0, _p_ 4/4, _m_ 3/3, × 2 = 28 or 34 (see p. 93). The premolars, except the first, though somewhat smaller than the molars, have essentially the same pattern. The upper molars have moderately high crowns, yet they are purely brachyodont, except in the grazing, broad-lipped African species (_O. simus_), in which they may fairly be called hypsodont. The external wall of the tooth is broad and nearly smooth, not divided into cusps, as it is in the horses and tapirs, and the two transverse crests, which in the tapirs are directly transverse, are very oblique. In all the existing species additional complications are given by the short spurs, which project inward from the outer wall or from the transverse crests. The lower molars are formed each of two crescents, one behind the other, but their arms or horns are angulate, not curved as they are in other perissodactyls which have crescentic lower teeth.