[463] Sidney's classification of poets, _Defence_, p. 9, is borrowed from Scaliger, _Poet._ i. 3. [464] _Defence_, p. 11. _Cf._ Castelvetro, _Poetica_, pp. 23, 190. [465] _Defence_, p. 33. _Cf._ Ronsard, _Oeuvres_, iii. 19, vii. 310; and Shelley, _Defence of Poetry_, p. 9: "The distinction between poets and prose writers is a vulgar error." [466] _Defence_, pp. 47, 51. _Cf._ Scaliger, _Poet._ i. 1, and vii. i. 2: "Poetae finem esse, docere cum delectatione." [467] Aristotle, _Ethics_, i. 1; Cicero, _De Offic._ i. 7. [468] This was the usual attitude of the humanists; _cf._ Woodward, p. 182 _sq._ [469] _Cf._ Daniello, p. 19; Minturno, _De Poeta_, p. 39. [470] _Defence_, p. 18. [471] _Ibid._ p. 22. _Cf._ Minturno, _De Poeta_, p. 106; Varchi, _Lezzioni_, p. 576. [472] That is, the highest form of _human_ wisdom, for Sidney, as a Christian philosopher, naturally leaves revealed religion out of the discussion. [473] _Poet._ ix. 1-4. [474] _De Poeta_, p. 87 _sq._ [475] _Poet._ i. 1. [476] _Defence_, pp. 7, 8. [477] _De Van. et Incert. Scient._ cap. v. [478] _Defence_, p. 34 _sq._ [479] _Cf._ Boccaccio, _Gen. degli Dei_, p. 257 _sq._; and Haslewood, ii. 127. [480] _Defence_, pp. 3, 41; _cf._ Daniello, p. 22. [481] Haslewood, ii. 129. [482] _Ibid._ ii. 123. [483] Haslewood, ii. 127. [484] Bacon, _Works_, vi. 204-206. [485] _Cf._ _Anglia_, 1899, xxi. 273. [486] _Works_, vi. 203. [487] _Discoveries_, p. 73. Jonson's distinction between poet (_poeta_), poem (_poema_), and poesy (_poesis_), was derived from Scaliger or Maggi. [488] _Discoveries_, p. 49. [489] _Ibid._ p. 34. [490] _Ibid._ p. 74. [491] _Ibid._ p. 34. [492] _Works_, i. 333. [493] _Works_, i. 59, _n._ [494] Milton, _Prose Works_, ii. 479. [495] _Ibid._ iii. 100. [496] _Ibid._ iii. 118. [497] _Prose Works_, i. 241. [498] _Ibid._ ii. 479. CHAPTER III THE THEORY OF DRAMATIC AND HEROIC POETRY