[237] In the preface to his translation of el-Biruni’s commentary on al-Fargani he says, “Lest therefore, completely intent upon the footprints of the ancients, I seem to dissent from the moderns utterly ...”, (_Ne itaque antiquorum vestigiis penitus insistens a modernis prorsus videar dissentire_,--Haskins, p. 8). In the preface to the Pseudo-Aristotle on the 255 books of the Indians he speaks of Bishop Michael as exalted above moderns or contemporaries (_ultra modernos vel coequevos_,--Haskins, 10) in fame and love of learning, and later of “what can be fully explained by none of the moderns” (_quod a nullo modernorum plenissime valet explicari_--Haskins, p. 11). In the preface to Albumasar’s _Book of Rains_ occurs the allusion to modern astrologers of the Gauls given below in the text. [238] Haskins, p. 10. [239] _Ibid._, p. 12, “... tue offero dignitati, ut quod potissimum sibi deesse moderni deflent astrologi gallorum posteritati tua benignitas largiatur.” [240] Baldassare Boncompagni, _Della Vita e delle Opere di Gherardo Cremonese traduttore del secolo duodecimo e di Gherardo da Sabbionetta Astronomo del secolo decimoterzo, Roma_, 1851. Giovanni Brambilla, _Monografie di due illustri Cremonesi, Gherardo Toletano e Gherardo Patulo, Cremona_, 1894. It largely repeats Boncompagni without acknowledgement. K. Sudhoff, _Die kurze Vita und das Verzeichnis der Arbeiten Gerhards von Cremona, von seinen Schülern und Studiengenossen kurz nach dem Tode des Meisters (1187) zu Toledo verabfasst_, in _Archiv f. Gesch. d. Medizin, herausg v. d. Puschmann-Stiftung an der Universität Leipzig_, VIII, 73, Nov., 1914. V. Rose, in _Hermes_, VIII (1874), 334. A. A. Björnbo, _Alkindi, Tideus und Pseudo-Euclid_, 1911 (_Abhandl. z. Gesch. d. Math. Wiss._ XXVI, 3), 127, 137, 150, etc. Steinschneider (1905), 16-32.