Joannes de Toledo, perhaps identical with John of Spain, as we have said. Iohannes de Tornamira, dean or chancellor of Montpellier, Amplon. Folio 272, 1391 A. D., fols. 1-214, Clarificatorium ... procedens secundum Rasim in nono Almansoris. Joannes Vincentius, Presbyter, Prior Eccles. de Monast, super Ledum, BN 3446, 15th century, #2, Adversus magicas artes et eos qui dicunt artibus eisdem nullam inesse efficaciam; Incipit missing. John of Wallingford, Cotton Julius D-V I, fols. 1-7r, an astronomical fragment. CHAPTER XXXIX BERNARD SILVESTER: ASTROLOGY AND GEOMANCY Problem of his identity--His works--Their influence--Disregard of Christian theology--The divine stars--Orders of spirits--The stars rule nature and reveal the future--Plot of the _Mathematicus_--Different interpretations put upon the _Mathematicus_--Hildebert’s Hermaphrodite’s horoscope--The art of geomancy--Prologue of the _Experimentarius_--Pictures of Bernard Silvester--Problem of a spying-tube and Hermann’s relation to the _Experimentarius_--Text of the _Experimentarius_--Two versions of the 28 Judges--Other modes of divination--Divination of the physician of King Amalricus--_Prenostica Socratis Basilei_--Further modes of divination--Experimental character of geomancy--Various other geomancies--Interest of statesmen and clergy in the art--Appendix I. Manuscripts of the _Experimentarius_ of Bernard Silvester. _“Nell’ ora che non può il calor diurno_ _Intrepidar più il freddo della luna,_ _Vinto da terra, o talor da Saturno_ _Quando i geomanti lor Maggior Fortuna_ _Veggiono in oriente, innanzi all’ alba,_ _Surger per via che poco le sta bruno.”_ _Purg. XIX, 1-6._ [Sidenote: Problem of his identity.] Bernard Silvester, of whom this chapter will treat, is now generally recognized as a different person from the Bernard of Chartres whom William of Conches followed and on whose teaching John of Salisbury looked back.[261] From John’s account it is plain that Bernard of Chartres belonged to the generation before William of Conches, and Clerval has shown reason to believe that he was dead by 1130.[262] Bernard Silvester, on the other hand, wrote his _De mundi universitate_ during the pontificate of Eugenius III, 1145-1153. Moreover, one of his pupils informs us that he taught at Tours.[263] This last fact also makes it difficult, although not impossible, to identify him with a Breton, named Bernard de Moelan, who, after serving as canon and chancellor at Chartres, became bishop of Quimper from 1159 to 1167.[264] At least they appear to have had somewhat similar interests, and Silvester seems to have had some connection with the school of Chartres, since he dedicated the _De mundi universitate_ to Theodoric of Chartres.[265] [Sidenote: His works.]