A History of Matrimonial Institutions, Vol. 1 of 3Howard, George Elliott
History
A History of Matrimonial Institutions, Vol. 1 of 3
Howard, George Elliott
Families; Marriage -- History
There are abundant evidences of woman-capture _de facto_ among
peoples of the Aryan stock. It existed among the ancient
Germans;[487] and according to Olaus Magnus, the Scandinavian
nations were continuously at war with one another "propter raptas
virgines aut arripiendas."[488] The same writer says that it
"prevailed in Muscovy, Lithuania, and Livonia;" while among the
South Slavonians actual capture "was in full force no longer ago
than the beginning of the present century."[489] Such was the case
in Servia, where it was the custom either to lie in wait for a
girl of a neighboring village to bear her away as she went out for
water or to tend the flocks; or else an armed assault was made upon
her home. Murders were thus often committed; for the attacking
party were resolved to suffer themselves to be killed rather than
give up the girl, and all the inhabitants of the girl's village
took part in the fray.[490] According to Dargun, the Slavs are as
conspicuous among the Aryans for wife-capture and its survivals
as are the Aryans, for the same reason, among the great divisions
of mankind.[491] It is not at all unlikely that the custom of
wife-stealing existed among the early Romans, even if the story
of the Sabine rape be dismissed as merely an ætological myth to
explain the symbol of capture in the marriage ceremony.[492] Without
doubt it was also common among the primitive Greeks; and "even now,
according to Sakellarios, capture of wives occasionally occurs in
Greece."[493] It is found "among the aborigines of the Deccan, and
in Afghanistan;"[494] while it was known to the ancient Hindus. The
code of Manu mentions capture as one of the eight legal forms of
marriage. "The forcible abduction from home of a maiden crying out
and weeping, after slaying and wounding her relatives and breaking
in, is called the Rāksasa form;" but this is only for the military
class.[495]
[487] DARGUN, _op. cit._, 111-40; WEINHOLD,
_Deutsche Frauen_, I, 308-10; GRIMM, _Deutsche
Rechtsalterthümer_, 440; WESTERMARCK, _op. cit._, 387.
[488] WESTERMARCK, _op. cit._, 387, citing OLAUS
MAGNUS, _Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus_, Book X,
chap, ii, 328. _Cf._ also MCLENNAN, _op. cit._, I, 37;
and DARGUN, _op. cit._, 95-97, who gives the passage
from Olaus.
[489] WESTERMARCK, _op. cit._, 387. Compare
KOVALEVSKY, _Mod. Customs and Ancient Laws of Russia_,
23, 24.
[490] DARGUN, _op. cit._, 93, 94; SCHROEDER,
_Hochzeitsbräuche_, 18; KULISCHER, "Intercommunale Ehe
durch Raub und Kauf," _ZFE._, X, 197; DÜRINGSFELD,
_Hochzeitsbuch_, 73, 77.
[491] DARGUN, _op. cit._, 92.
[492] _Ibid._, 100-102; ROSSBACH, _Die römische Ehe_,
214, 215, 328 ff.; LUBBOCK, _Origin of Civilization_,
124; SCHROEDER, _op. cit._, 16.
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