A History of Matrimonial Institutions, Vol. 1 of 3Howard, George Elliott
History
A History of Matrimonial Institutions, Vol. 1 of 3
Howard, George Elliott
Families; Marriage -- History
On the other hand, the betrothal is regarded as originally an
actual sale of the bride by GLASSON, _Hist. du droit
et des inst. de l'Angleterre_, I, 116, 117; GROSSE,
_Die Formen der Familie_, 223, 234; SIEGEL,
_Rechtsgeschichte_, 450-52; WEINHOLD, _Deutsche_
_Frauen_, I, 320; HEUSLER, _Institutionen_, II, 279 ff.;
LOENING, _Geschichte des deutschen Kirchenrechts_, II,
578; HOFMANN, _Ueber den Verlobungs- und Trauring_, 849,
850; LEBER, _Des coutumes_, 22 ff.; LAMPRECHT,
_Deutsche Geschichte_, I, 104, 105; SEHLING,
_Unterscheidung der Verlöbnisse_, 32, 33; GRIMM,
_Rechtsalterthümer_, 420 ff.; DAVOUD-OGHLOU,
_Législation des anciens Germains_, I, xl-xli; HELLWALD,
_Die mensch. Familie_ (apparently), 315-18; DARGUN,
_Mutterrecht und Raubehe_, 24 ff.; and especially
BRUNNER, _Rechtsgeschichte_, I, 74 ff. LEHMANN,
_Verlobung und Hochzeit_, 7 ff., 78, 79, finds fainter traces of
the sale-marriage among the Scandinavians than among the North
Germans. _Kohler_, "Die Ehe mit und ohne Mundium," _ZVR._, VI,
321 ff., holds that marriage without _mund_ on the part of the
husband is the marriage of mother-right as opposed to the later
_Paternitätsrecht_. See also KOHLER, in _ZVR._, III,
354; and _Waitz_, "Ueber die Bedeutung des Mundium im deutschen
Recht," _Sitzungsberichte der preuss. Akad._, 1886, 375 ff., for
a discussion of the meaning and content of _mund_. In general,
_cf._ KÖNIGSWARTER, _Hist. de l'organisation de la
famille_, 121 ff.; LABOULAYE, _Condition des femmes_,
112 ff.; STRACK, _Aus dem deutschen Familienleben_, I,
17 ff.; BEAUCHET, _Mariage dans le droit islandais_, 3
ff., 12 ff.
[844] HABICHT, _Altdeutsche Verlobung_, 9, note, 68,
insists that there is no practical difference between the sale of
the _Vormundschaft_, or protection, and the sale of the bride.
See FICKER, _Untersuchungen zur Rechtsgeschichte_, III,
393-419, who rejects the view that marriage has the same origin
and character among all the German peoples.
[845] ÆTHELB., 77: SCHMID, _Gesetze_, 8, 9.
LIEBERMANN, 7, translates: "Wenn jemand eine Jungfrau
zur Ehe kauft." Another provision of this code reads: "If a
free man lies with a free man's wife, let him buy her with her
wergeld, and procure with his own property another woman and
bring her home to him (the wronged husband)": ÆTHELRED,
31: SCHMID, 4, 5. _Cf._ LIEBERMANN'S ed., 5.
See ROEDER, _Die Familie bei den Angelsachsen_, 15 ff.,
24 ff.
[846] BRUNNER, _Rechtsgeschichte_, I, 74: "Wife-purchase
is yet known to the earlier East Frisian sources, and it was
still practiced in Denmark in the fifteenth century. "Und wie im
Mittelalter die Redensart eine Frau zu kaufen vielfach verbreitet
war, so bezeichnet in Holland der Volksmund noch jetzt die Braut
als 'verkocht' (verkauft)."
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