[125] For example, by GIRAUD-TEULON, _Les origines du mariage_, 70 ff., _passim_; LIPPERT, _Kulturgeschichte der Menschheit_, II, 7; BERNHÖFT, "Zur Gesch. des eur. Familienrechts," _ZVR._, VIII, 161 ff.; ENGELS, _Ursprung der Familie_, 17; KULISCHER, "Die geschlechtliche Zuchtwahl," _ZFE._, VIII, 140; "Intercommunale Ehe," _ibid._, X, 193; MORGAN, _Systems of Consanguinity_, 480, 487 ff.; _Ancient Society_, 418, 500-502, 384 ff.; BASTIAN, _Rechtsverhältnisse_, xviii, lix; MCLENNAN, _Studies_, I, 92, 95, _passim_; LUBBOCK, _Origin of Civilization_, 86 ff., 98 ff.; POST, _Anfänge des Staats- und Rechtsleben_, 19; _Geschlechtsgenossenschaft_, 16 ff.; _Grundlagen des Rechts_, 182 ff.; _Familienrecht_, 54 ff.; _Ursprung des Rechts_, 46 ff.; WILKEN, _Das Matriarchat_, 7; GUMPLOWICZ, _Outlines of Sociology_, 110 ff.; and especially KOHLER, in _ZVR._, IV, 266, 267; V, 334 ff., and elsewhere throughout his numerous papers. [126] Thus GIRAUD-TEULON (_op. cit._, 70), a zealous advocate of the theory of promiscuity, declares: "Avant d'accepter une semblable hypothèse, il convient cependant de reconnaitre que l'on n'a pas encore trouvé de peuplade vivant actuellement en état de complète promiscuité." But, he adds, the facts observed among living tribes "sont en tel nombre, en telle concordance, et confinent de si près à la promiscuité absolue, que ce n'est pas sortir du champ des _hypothèses scientifiquement permises_ que de supposer dans l'enfance de l'humanité un état de pur communisme." On the lack of positive proof _cf._ also KAUTSKY, "Die Entstehung der Ehe und Familie," _Kosmos_, XII, 198 ff.; WESTERMARCK, _Human Marriage_, 41; MORGAN, _Ancient Society_, 500 ff.; MCLENNAN, _Studies in Ancient History_, I, 85 ff., 93 ff.; SPENCER, _Principles of Sociology_, I, 662, 664; HELLWALD, _Die mensch. Familie_, 130, 131. [127] "Communal marriage" is the name introduced by SIR JOHN LUBBOCK, _Origin of Civilization_, 86, 98, 103, 104-9, whose theory is criticised by MCLENNAN, _Studies_, I, 329 ff. "Gruppen- oder Hordenchen" is the term employed by POST, _Familienrecht_, 57, 58; _Grundlagen des Rechts_, 200, 201; _Anfänge_, 10 ff. For the so-called Australian group-marriage see FISON AND HOWITT, _Kamilaroi and Kurnai_, 50 ff., 99 ff., 159 ff.; the criticism of CURR, _The Australian Race_, I, 106-42, which should be compared with KOHLER, "Das Recht der Australneger," _ZVR._, VII, 326 ff., 329 ff., 337 ff.; his _Zur Geschichte der Ehe_, 64 ff.; CUNOW, _Australneger_; SPENCER AND GILLEN, _Native Tribes of Central Australia_; and CRAWLEY, _Mystic Rose_, 475 ff. In general, on group-marriage see KULISCHER, in _ZFE._, VIII, 140; X, 193; BERNHÖFT, "Altindisches Familienorganisation," _ibid._, IX, 5 ff.; SCHROEDER, _Das Recht in der geschlechtlichen Ordnung_, 19 ff.