[118] FRIEDRICHS, "Ueber den Ursprung des Matriarchats," _ZVR._, VIII, 381, 382, though he shows elsewhere that paternal authority may coexist with mother-right: "Familienstufen und Eheformen," _ibid._, X, 206. _Cf._ MUCKE, _Horde und Familie_, 108 ff., 114 ff., _passim_, who maintains that the family, androcratic or gynocratic, originates in slavery through rape or purchase. In the gynocratic family the woman is owner and mistress of the man, as the man is lord of the woman in the androcratic family. [119] DARGUN, _Mutterrecht und Vaterrecht_, 67-85. [120] For an example see POWELL, _op. cit._, and his "Wyandotte Society," _A. A. A. S._, XXIX, 675-88. [121] For his theory see the _Mutterrecht und Vaterrecht_; and compare chap. i, pp. 20-23, above. [122] See POST, _Ursprung des Rechts_, 52-56; _Die Geschlechtsgenossenschaft_, 94, denying the existence of a period of gynocracy; also SPENCER, _Principles of Sociology_, I, 748; PLOSS, _Das Kind_, II, 393; WAKE, _Marriage and Kinship_, 216-19; LETOURNEAU, _L'évolution du mariage_, 131. [123] WESTERMARCK, _Human Marriage_, 41; CURR, _The Australian Race_, I, 60, 62, 69. DARGUN, _Mutterrecht und Vaterrecht_, 2 ff., insists that _Mutterrecht_ denotes merely exclusive kinship through the mother and is entirely consistent with paternal authority. _Cf._ MUCKE, 173 ff. [124] STARCKE, _op. cit._, 65; _cf. ibid._, 229. Fear of the blood-feud through the wife's relatives, as among the Amaxosa, may sometimes act as a check upon the power or brutality of the husband: REHME, "Das Recht der Amaxosa," _ZVR._, X, 39, 40. The theory of original communism has been accepted by many writers,[125] though examples of absolute promiscuity have not been produced.[126] Its former existence is inferred from certain customs and institutions which are believed to be its survivals. Even the promiscuity which is thus assumed is not "perfectly indiscriminate," but restricted to the members of the unorganized horde or tribe occupying a particular locality or roaming about together. Hence, significantly, it has sometimes been described as communal or group "marriage."[127] Accordingly the horde[128] or band becomes the unit or starting-point of social development.