In course of time, however, its evils were perceived and the second form of the family arose. This is the Punaluan,[194] resting on the intermarriage of several sisters in a group with each other's husbands; or on that of several brothers in a group with each other's wives; marriage between brothers and sisters not being permitted. "The Punaluan family has existed in Europe, Asia, and America[195] within the historical period, and in Polynesia within the present century," the most interesting example being afforded by the Hawaiians. It is an outgrowth of the consanguine family "through the gradual exclusion of own brothers and sisters from the marriage relation."[196] With it arose the organization into _gentes_, whose "fundamental rules" in the archaic form are exogamy and relationship in the female line. The Punaluan family co-operating with the gentile organization,[197] produced the Turanian or Ganowánian system of consanguinity, which is also classificatory.[198] This is described by Morgan as "simply stupendous," recognizing "all the relationships known under the Aryan system, besides an additional number unnoticed by the latter."[199] [194] _Systems of Consanguinity_, 131 ff., 489, 490; _Ancient Society_, 424-52. The Hawaiian word _Pŭnalŭa_ means "dear friend," "intimate companion": _ibid._, 427. [195] In forty North American tribes the former existence of the Punaluan family is thought to be proved by the Turanian system of consanguinity and by the right of the husband of the eldest sister to the younger sisters also: _Ancient Society_, 432, 436. [196] _Ibid._, 424. [197] Since the rule of exogamy as respecting the _gens_ would permit the intermarriage of brothers and sisters. For convenience McLennan's term "exogamy" is here used to indicate prohibition of marriage within the _gens_. [198] _Systems of Consanguinity_, 131-382. But, curiously enough, among the peoples with the Punaluan family the Malayan system of consanguinity survived: _Ancient Society_, 426, 427, _passim_. _Ganowánians_ are the American Indians, the word meaning "bow-and-arrow people": _Systems of Consanguinity_, 131. _Cf._ MCLENNAN, _Studies_, I, 253, n. 1. [199] _Ancient Society_, 387, 435 ff. In all more than two hundred relationships of the same person are recognized: _ibid._, 436.