[Footnote 203: As by the ordinance of Zurich, 1529: _ibid._, I, 22; that of Basel, 1529: _ibid._, 126. _Cf._ GOESCHEN, _Doctrina de mat._, 63 n. 218, 29 n. 105.] [Footnote 204: BIDEMBACH, _De causis mat._ (Frankfort, 1608), 81-93; and MENTZER, _De conjugio_ (Wittebergae, 1612), 190 ff., allow as causes only adultery and desertion. Other representatives of the conservative tendency in the seventeenth century, as enumerated by RICHTER, _Beiträge_, 58 ff., are the theologians Gerhard, Havemann, Calovius, and Hollaz, and the jurists Cypräus, Carpzov, Nicolai, Brunnemann, and Schilter; while the more liberal direction is taken by the theologians Brochmand, Hülsemann, Calixtus (J. U.), Dannhauer, and Quenstedt, and the jurists Henning Arnisaeus, Forster, Kitzel, Pufendorf, Samuel Stryk, and Bruckner.] [Footnote 205: For the ordinance of 1553, drafted by Brenz, see RICHTER, _Kirchenordnungen_, II, 130. By this act full divorce is allowed only for adultery and desertion, including refusal of marital duty: and separation _a thoro et mensa_ is not permitted even for _saevitia_. _Cf._ RICHTER, _Beiträge_, 57.] [Footnote 206: See _Des Herzogthums Wirtemberg erneuerte Ehe- und Ehe-Gerichts-Ordnung_ (Stuttgart, 1687), 22 ff., 82 ff., 100-111.] [Footnote 207: HÜLSEMANN, _Extensio breviarii theologici_ (3d ed., Leipzig, 1655), 502: cited by HUBRICH, _Das Recht der Ehescheidung_, 54-56, 119 ff.; RICHTER, _Beiträge_, 57, 63; _idem_, _Kirchenrecht_, 1177.]