In 1849, the year following the attainment of statehood, was adopted a new statute by which the foundation of the present system was laid. By it, as under the present law, a marriage is declared absolutely dissolved without any decree of divorce or legal process whenever either spouse is sentenced to imprisonment for life; and a pardon is not to effect a restoration of conjugal rights. The circuit courts are granted jurisdiction. Both full and partial divorce are provided for. Absolute divorce is allowed for (1) adultery; (2) impotence; (3) sentence of either spouse to imprisonment for a period of three years or more, no pardon working a restoration of conjugal rights; (4) wilful desertion for one year next preceding the commencement of the action; (5) when the treatment of the wife by the husband has been "cruel and inhuman, whether practiced by using personal violence, or by any other means," or "when the wife shall be guilty of like cruelty to her husband or shall be given to intoxication;" (6) when the husband or wife shall have been a habitual drunkard for the space of one year immediately preceding the filing of the bill. To these grounds was added as a cause in 1866: (7) voluntarily living entirely separate for the five years next preceding the commencement of the action.[442] So the law of absolute divorce remains at the present time, all attempts to make insanity a permanent ground having thus far failed.[443] [442] Act of March 31, _Gen. Laws_ (1866), 40. [443] In 1856 the court in its discretion was authorized to decree a divorce when either spouse shall become incurably insane and "shall have so remained for the term of seven years continuously," the husband being required to give bond with security for the maintenance of the wife during her life: Act of March 31, _Gen. Acts_ (1856), 96. After two years this act was repealed: _Gen. Laws_ (1858), 82. A second attempt was made in 1881. A full divorce was then authorized when either husband or wife shall have been insane for the space of five years immediately preceding the commencement of the action, and the court shall be satisfied that the insanity is incurable: Act of April 2, _Laws_ (1881), 376-78. This statute was repealed the next year: _Laws_ (1882), 798.