authority is vested in the circuit courts within the respective circuits or their subdivisions.[504] [500] Act of Jan. 13, 1871: in _Gen. Laws_ (1870-71), 414. In the same volume, curiously enough, the civil code of Jan. 12, 1866, including the divorce law of that year, as given in the text, is re-enacted; and so the act of Jan. 10, 1867, is entirely ignored. But the early legislation of Dakota is exceptionally bungling and confusing. [501] _Rev. Codes of the Ter. of Dak._ (1877), 215, 216; also in LEVISSEE, _Ann. Codes_ (1883), II, 747-52. By the code of 1877 the term of wilful desertion, wilful neglect, and habitual intemperance was fixed at two years; but the one-year period was substituted in 1881: Act of March 1, _Laws_ (1881), 66. [502] _Stat. of S. D._ (1899), II, 1025-30; _Rev. Codes_ (1903), 598-603. [503] Act of March 6: _Acts_ (1899), 95; but insanity as a ground is omitted in _Laws_ (1901), 81, 82. There is no partial divorce in North Dakota; but, though a decree be denied, the court may provide for the maintenance of the wife and children by the husband: _Rev. Codes_ (1895), 614. _Cf._ McFarland _v._ McFarland, 2 _N. W. Rep._, 269; Ross _v._ Ross, 10 _N. W. Rep._, 193. [504] _Rev. Codes of N. D._ (1895), 611-15, 929; _Stat. of S. D._ (1899), II, 1489; I, 267. Nevada has likewise closely followed the example of California. Separation from bed and board has at no time been provided for. Bigamous marriages and those within the forbidden degrees of consanguinity are void without decree or other legal proceedings.[505] But since 1875, with one exception, the grounds of absolute divorce have been practically the same as those prescribed by the California code, although they are differently expressed, and there are not the same minute provisions regarding the application of the law and the conditions of action. On complaint of the aggrieved the courts are now authorized to dissolve the bonds of wedlock for (1) impotence at the time of the marriage continuing to the time of divorce; (2) adultery since marriage, remaining unforgiven; (3) wilful desertion for one year; (4) conviction of felony or infamous crime; (5) habitual gross drunkenness, contracted since marriage and incapacitating the offender from contributing his or her share toward the support of the family; (6) extreme cruelty; (7) neglect of the husband for the period of one year to provide the common necessaries of life, unless such neglect is the result of poverty which could not have been avoided by ordinary industry. Thus the laws of Nevada regarding the causes of divorce have been remarkably free from change; for the statute of 1875 in this regard is identical with the original act of 1861, except that by the latter the terms of wilful desertion and wilful neglect to provide are each fixed at two years.[506]