France_ (Paris, 1874); Morillot, _Condition des enfants nés hors mariage_ (Paris, 1865); Lallemand, _Hist. des enfants abandonnés_ (Paris, 1885); _idem_, _La question des enfants abandonnés_ (Paris, 1885); Milhaud, _Protection des enfants sans famille_ (Paris, 1896); Gaume, _Hist. de la société domestique_ (Paris, 1844), presenting the strong Catholic view; Pelletan, _La famille: la mère_ (Paris, n. d.). For Germany and England see Biographical Note XI. Marriage problems are discussed by Giles, _Treatise on Marriage_ (London, 1771); Ryan, _Philosophy of Marriage_ (3d ed., London, 1839); Amat, _Treatise on Matrimony_ (San Francisco, 1864); Watkins, _Holy Matrimony_ (London, 1895); Potwin, "Should Marriage be Indissoluble?" in _New Englander and Yale Review_, LVI (New Haven, 1892); Malcome, _The Christian Rule of Marriage_ (Philadelphia, 1870); Pomeroy, _Ethics of Marriage_ (New York, 1889); Gray, _Husband and Wife_ (2d ed., Boston, 1886); Lea, _Christian Marriage_ (London, 1881); Harte, _Laws and Customs of Marriage_ (London, 1870); Quilter, _Is Marriage a Failure?_ (Chicago, 1889); Colfavru, _Du mariage ... en Angleterre et aux États-Unis_ (Paris, 1868); Carlier, _Le mariage aux États-Unis_ (Paris, 1860); Cook, "Marriage Celebration in the U.S.," and "Reform of the Marriage Celebration," both in _Atlantic_, LXI (Boston, 1888); Snyder, _The Geography of Marriage_ (2d ed., New York and London, 1889); Chavassé, _Traité de l'excellence du mariage_ (Paris, 1685); Gasparin, _Le mariage au point de vue chrétien_ (2d ed., Paris, 1844); Picot, _Le mariage_ (Paris, 1849); Cadet, _Le mariage en France_ (Paris, 1870); Acollas, _Trois leçons ... du mariage_ (Geneva and Berne, 1871); _idem_, _Le mariage_ (Paris, 1880); Sincholle, _Le mariage civil et le mariage religieux_ (Poitiers, 1876); Legrand, _Le mariage et les mœurs en France_ (Paris, 1879); Hayem, _Le mariage_ (Paris, 1872); Schoelcher, _La famille, la propriété, et le christianisme_ (Paris, 1875); Hippel, _Ueber die Ehe_ (4th ed., Frankfort and Leipzig, 1794); Volkmar, _Philosophie der Ehe_ (Halle, 1794); Krug, _Philosophie der Ehe_ (Reutlingen, 1801); Jörg and Tzschirner, _Die Ehe aus dem Gesichtspunkte der Natur, der Moral, und der Kirche_ (Leipzig, 1819); Stäudlin, _Geschichte der Vorstellungen und Lehren von der Ehe_ (Göttingen, 1826); Liebetrut, _Die Ehe nach ihrer Idee und nach ihrer geschichtlichen Entwicklung_ (Berlin, 1834); Marr, _Der Mensch und die Ehe_ (Leipzig, 1848); Hoffmann, _Die christliche Ehe_ (Berlin, 1860); Glock, _Die christliche Ehe und ihre modernen Gegner_ (Karlsruhe and Leipzig, 1881). Socialistic writers on the subject are Robert Owen, _Marriages of the Priesthood of the Old Immoral World_ (4th ed., Leeds,