Point of wing formed by outer five primaries, the first shorter than the third … _Pediocorys._[31] [Illustration: PLATE X. 1. Motacilla alba, _Linn._ Europe. 2. Budytes flava, _Linn._ Alaska, 45912. 3. Anthus ludovicianus, _Gm._ Labrador, 18081. 4. “ pratensis, _Linn._ Europe, 18590. 5. Neocorys spraguei, _Aud._ ♀ Dacota, 1884. 6. Mniotilta varia, _Linn._ ♂ 18685. 7. Parula americana, _Linn._ ♂ Pa., 53385. 8. Protonotaria citrea, _Bodd._ Ill., 1011. 9. Helmitherus swainsoni, _Aud._ S. C., 1054. 10. “ vermivorus, _Gm._ Pa., 2148.] SUBFAMILY MOTACILLINÆ. GENUS MOTACILLA, LINN. _Motacilla_, LINN. Syst. Nat. (Type, _Motacilla alba_.) The diagnosis already given of _Motacilla_ will serve to define it. The genus is an Old World one, represented by several species, only one of which (_M. alba_) is entitled to a place here from occurring in Greenland. Motacilla alba, LINN. WHITE WAGTAIL. _Motacilla alba_, LINN. Syst. Nat. 12th ed. 1766, 331.—KEYS. & BLAS. Wirb. Europ. 1840, xlix, and 174.—DEGLAND, Orn. Europ. I, 1849, 433.—REINHARDT, Ibis, 1861, 6 (Greenland).—NEWTON, Baring-Gould’s Iceland, 1863, App. (“rather plentiful”).—BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. 1864, 152. Figure: GOULD, Birds Europe, 143. [Line drawing: _Motacilla alba._ 28489] SP. CHAR. (9,410 ♂, Nürnberg). Forehead as far back as above the eyes, with sides of head and neck, white; the remaining portion of head and neck above and below to the jugulum, black; the rest of under parts white. Upper parts ashy-gray, including rump; the upper tail-coverts tinged with black. Wings with two conspicuous bands and the outer edges of the secondaries white. Tail-feathers black; the outer two white, edged with black internally. Bill and legs black. Tip of wing formed by outer three primaries; the distance between the third and fourth about one third that between the fourth and fifth. Tarsi lengthened; claw small; hind toe and claw shorter than the middle, its claw short, considerably curved, less than the toe alone; lateral toes nearly equal. Length, 7.30; wing, 3.45; tail, 3.90; bill from nostril, .37; tarsus, .86; hind toe and claw, .50. HAB. Continental Europe, rarer in England; Iceland; Greenland (only two specimens seen); Siberia; Syria; Nubia, etc. _Motacilla yarrelli_, a closely allied species, by some considered a variety only, differs in having the rump black, the ashy of the back glossed with blackish, and with the black edging of the lateral tail-feathers broader. [Illustration: _Motacilla alba._]