_Parus americanus_, LINN. Syst. Nat. 10th ed. I, 1758, 190. _Motacilla am._ GMELIN. _Sylvia am._ LATH., AUD. _Sylvicola am._ RICH., AUD.—JONES, Nat. in Bermuda, 1839, 59. _Parula am._ BON. List Birds N. Am. 1838.—GOSSE, Birds Jam. 1847, 154 (Jamaica).—BAIRD, Birds N. Am. 1858, 238; Rev. 169.—SCLATER, P. Z. S. 1857, 202 (Xalapa).—IB. Ibis, 1859, 10 (Guatemala).—IB. Catal. 1861, 26, 163.—NEWTON, Ibis, 1859, 143 (Santa Cruz; winter).—CASSIN, Pr. A. N. S. 1860, 376 (St. Thomas).—GUNDLACH, Cab. Jour. 1861, 326 (Cuba; very common). _Compsothlypis am._ CAB. Mus. Hein. 1850, 20.—IB. Jour. III, 1855, 476 (Cuba). _Ficedula ludoviciana_, BRISSON. _Motacilla lud._ GM. _Motacilla eques_, BODD. _Sylvia torquata_, VIEILL. _Thryothorus torq._ STEPHENS. _Sylvia pusilla_, WILS. _Sylvicola pus._ SWAINS. Figures: AUD. Orn. Biog. I, pl. xv.—IB. Birds Am. II, pl. xci.—VIEILL. Ois. Am. II, pl. xcix.—WILS. Am. Orn. IV, pl. xxviii.—BUFFON, pl. enl. dccxxxi, fig. 1; dccix, fig. 1. SP. CHAR. Above blue, the middle of the back with a patch of yellowish-green. Beneath yellow anteriorly, white behind. A reddish-brown tinge across the breast. Lores and space round the eye dusky; a small white spot on either eyelid; sides of head and neck like the crown. Two conspicuous white bands on the wings. Outer two tail-feathers with a conspicuous spot of white. _Female_ similar, with less brown on the breast. Length, 4.75; wing, 2.34; tail, 1.90. Nest of long moss. HAB. Eastern Province of United States, north to the Lakes (“Greenland”), west to the Missouri Valley; in winter, south to Guatemala (not seen on the west coast of Mexico). West Indies; Bahamas; Cuba; Jamaica; St. Croix; St. Thomas; Jalapa, Guatemala (SCLATER); Orizaba, winter (SUMICHRAST); Yucatan (LAWRENCE); Porto Rico and Inagua (BRYANT). Autumnal males are browner on the chin, yellower on the throat and jugulum. Head tinged with greenish; secondaries edged with greenish-yellow. Autumnal females are light greenish-olive above, dirty-white beneath. [Illustration: _Parula americana._ 2219] In very brightly colored spring males, there is frequently (as in 58,335, Philadelphia) a well-defined, broad blackish band across the jugulum, anterior to an equally distinct and rather broader one across the breast, of a brown tint, spotted with black, while the sides are much spotted with chestnut-brown; the blue above is very pure, and the green patch on the back very sharply defined.