[23] _Pipilo maculatus_, SWAINSON. SP. CHAR. _Male._ Similar to the female of _Pipilo arcticus_, but rather more olivaceous; only the head and neck all round black; shading above insensibly into the back. The white markings mostly edged narrowly externally with black, and clouded with rusty; the nape-feathers faintly, the interscapular broadly, streaked centrally with blackish; lower back and rump, with outer edges of quill and tail feathers, olivaceous-brown. A narrow shaft-streak in white at end of tail. Fourth quill longest; fifth scarcely shorter; first about equal to secondaries. Claws moderate; perhaps larger than in _erythrophthalmus_. Length of skin, 7.80; wing, 3.15; tail, 4.20; tarsus, 1.10; middle toe and claw, .96; claw alone, .34; hind toe and claw, .81; claw alone, .45. _Hab._ Mexico (Oaxaca; Real del Monte, Philos. Mag., 1827). It is a serious question whether this comparatively little known Mexican species of _Pipilo_ is not to be considered as identical with some or all of the species of the United States, with spotted wing-coverts, notwithstanding the difference in the color of the body. It appears, however, to be constant in the olivaceous character of the back,—no reference being made to Mexican specimens entirely black above,—and as such it may be considered a permanent geographical race. Pipilo maculatus, var. oregonus, BELL. OREGON GROUND ROBIN. _Pipilo oregonus_, BELL, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. V, 1852, 6 (Oregon).—BONAP. Comptes Rendus, XXXVII, Dec. 1853, 922.—IB. Notes Orn. Delattre, 1854, 22 (same as prec.).—BAIRD, Birds N. Am. 1858, 513.—LORD, Pr. R. A. Inst. IV, 64, 120 (British Col.).—COOPER & SUCKLEY, 200.—COOPER, Orn. Cal. 1, 241. _Fringilla arctica_, AUD. Orn. Biog. V, 1839, 49, pl. cccxciv. (not of SWAINSON). _Pipilo arctica_, AUD. Syn. 1839, 123.—IB. Birds Am. III, 1841, 164, pl. cxciv. [Line drawing: 2867 ♂] SP. CHAR. Upper surface generally, with the head and neck all round to the upper part of the breast, deep black; the rest of lower parts pure white, except the sides of the body and under tail-coverts, which are light chestnut-brown; the latter rather paler. The outer webs of scapulars (usually edged narrowly with black) and of the superincumbent feathers of the back, with a rounded white spot at the end of the outer webs of the greater and middle coverts; the outer edges of the innermost tertials white; no white at the base of the primaries. Outer web of the first tail-feather black, occasionally white on the extreme edge; the outer three with a white tip to the inner web. Outer quill shorter than ninth, or scarcely equalling the secondaries; fourth quill longest; fifth scarcely shorter. Length, 8.25; wing, 4.40; tail, 4.00. _Female_ with the black replaced by a more brownish tinge. Claws much as in _erythrophthalmus_.