_Icterus auduboni_, GIRAUD, Sixteen New Species Texas Birds, 1841 (not paged).—BAIRD, Birds N. Am. 1858, 542.—CASSIN, Pr. A. N. S. 1867, 53. _Xanthornus melanocephalus_, BON. Consp. 1850, 434 (not the description of the young). _Icterus melanocephalus_, CASSIN, Ill. I, V, 1854, 137, pl. xxi (the description, but perhaps not the figure). SP. CHAR. Bill stout; upper and lower outlines very little curved downwards. Tail much graduated. Head and neck all round (this color extending down on the throat), tail, and wings black; rest of body, under wing-coverts, and middle and lesser upper coverts, yellow; more olivaceous on the back. An interrupted band across the ends of the greater wing-coverts, with the terminal half of the edges of the quills, white. Supposed female similar, but the colors less vivid. Length, 9.25; wing, 4.00; tail, 4.65; tarsus, 1.10. HAB. Valley of the Lower Rio Grande of Texas, southward; Oaxaca (SCL. 1859, 38); Xalapa (SCL. 132); Vera Cruz (temperate regions; SUMICHRAST, M. B. S.). This bird is perhaps rather a local race (larger as more boreal) of _I. melanocephalus_[41] of Southern Mexico. The differences are indicated in the foot-note. The adult male of this species can be distinguished from the young male of _I. prosthemelas_ only by stouter and less decurved bill, stronger feet, and black instead of yellow middle wing-coverts. [Illustration: PLATE XXXV. 1. Icterus auduboni. ♂ Tamaulipas, Mex., 4063. 2. ” wagleri. ♂ Guat., 8089. 3. Scolecophagus cyanocephalus. ♀ Nevada, 53596. 4. ” ferrugineus. ♂ Pa., 1322. 5. Icterus baltimore. ♂ Ft. Garry, 27046. 6. ” cucullatus. ♂ Tamaulipas, Mex., 4066. 7. ” parisorum. ♂ N. Leon, Mex., 4056. 8. Sturnus vulgaris. ♂ France, 19020.]