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A History of North American Birds; Land Birds; Vol. 2 of 3Baird, Spencer Fullerton

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A History of North American Birds; Land Birds; Vol. 2 of 3

Name: A History of North American Birds; Land Birds; Vol. 2 of 3
Author: Baird, Spencer Fullerton

Baird, Spencer Fullerton

Birds -- North America

_Oriolus spurius_, LINN. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 162.—GM. I, 1788, 389
       (very inaccurate description; only identified by the
       references). _Icterus spurius_, BON. Obs. on Nom. Wils. 1825,
       No. 44.—AUD. Orn. Biog. I, 1831, 221; V, 485, pl. xlii.—IB.
       Birds Am. IV, 1842, 46, pl. ccxix.—BAIRD, Birds N. Am. 1858,
       547.—SAMUELS, 346. _Oriolus varius_, GMELIN, Syst. Nat. I,
       1766, 390. _Turdus ater_, GM. Syst. 1788, I; 1788, 83. _Oriolus
       castaneus_, LATHAM, Ind. Orn. I, 1790, 181 (same citations as
       _O. varius_, GM.). _Turdus jugularis_, LATHAM, Ind. Orn. I,
       1790, 361 (same citations as _Turdus ater_, GM.). _Yphantes
       solitaria_, VIEILLOT ♂. “_Pendulinus nigricollis_, VIEILL.
       ♂—_viridis_, IB.” _Oriolus mutatus_, WILSON, Am. Orn. I, 1808,
       64, pl. iv, f. 1-4. _Xanthornus affinis_, LAWRENCE, Ann. N. Y.
       Lyc. N. H. V, May, 1851, 113 (small race from Texas).
       _Pendulinus s._, CASS. Pr. 1867, 61. _Pendulinus affinis_,
       CASS. Pr. 1867, 61.

SP. CHAR. Bill slender, attenuated, considerably decurved; tail
moderately graduated. _Male_, three years. Head and neck all round,
wings, and interscapular region of back, with tail-feathers, black.
Rest of under parts, lower part of back to tail, and lesser upper
wing-coverts, with the lower one, brownish-chestnut. A narrow line
across the wing, and the extreme outer edges of quills, white.
_Female._ Uniform greenish-yellow beneath, olivaceous above, and
browner in the middle of the back; two white bands on the wings. Young
male of two years like the female, but with a broad black patch from
the bill to the upper part of the breast, this color extending along
the base of the bill so as to involve the eye and all anterior to it
to the base of the bill, somewhat as in _I. cucullatus_. Length of
Pennsylvania male specimens, 7.25; wing, 3.25.

HAB. United States from the Atlantic to the high Central Plains,
probably throughout Texas; south to Guatemala. Xalapa (SCL. 1859,
365); Cordova (SCL. 1856, 301); Guatemala (SCL. Ibis, I, 20; LAWR. N.
Y. Lyc. IX, 104); Rio Atrato (CASS. P. A. N. S. 1860, 140); Costa Rica
(CABAN. J. 1861, 8); Panama (LAWR. N. Y. Lyc. 1861, 331); Cuba
(GUNDLACH); Veragua (SALVIN, 1867, 142); Vera Cruz, winter (SUM. M. B.
S. I,); Mazatlan.

This species varies greatly in size with its geographical
distribution.

Winter specimens from Mexico have the black obscured by brownish
borders to the feathers.

Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.

Opening the text

A History of North American Birds; Land Birds; Vol. 2 of 3Baird, Spencer Fullerton

Science

A History of North American Birds; Land Birds; Vol. 2 of 3

Baird, Spencer Fullerton

Birds -- North America

_Oriolus spurius_, LINN. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 162.—GM. I, 1788, 389
       (very inaccurate description; only identified by the
       references). _Icterus spurius_, BON. Obs. on Nom. Wils. 1825,
       No. 44.—AUD. Orn. Biog. I, 1831, 221; V, 485, pl. xlii.—IB.
       Birds Am. IV, 1842, 46, pl. ccxix.—BAIRD, Birds N. Am. 1858,
       547.—SAMUELS, 346. _Oriolus varius_, GMELIN, Syst. Nat. I,
       1766, 390. _Turdus ater_, GM. Syst. 1788, I; 1788, 83. _Oriolus
       castaneus_, LATHAM, Ind. Orn. I, 1790, 181 (same citations as
       _O. varius_, GM.). _Turdus jugularis_, LATHAM, Ind. Orn. I,
       1790, 361 (same citations as _Turdus ater_, GM.). _Yphantes
       solitaria_, VIEILLOT ♂. “_Pendulinus nigricollis_, VIEILL.
       ♂—_viridis_, IB.” _Oriolus mutatus_, WILSON, Am. Orn. I, 1808,
       64, pl. iv, f. 1-4. _Xanthornus affinis_, LAWRENCE, Ann. N. Y.
       Lyc. N. H. V, May, 1851, 113 (small race from Texas).
       _Pendulinus s._, CASS. Pr. 1867, 61. _Pendulinus affinis_,
       CASS. Pr. 1867, 61.

SP. CHAR. Bill slender, attenuated, considerably decurved; tail
moderately graduated. _Male_, three years. Head and neck all round,
wings, and interscapular region of back, with tail-feathers, black.
Rest of under parts, lower part of back to tail, and lesser upper
wing-coverts, with the lower one, brownish-chestnut. A narrow line
across the wing, and the extreme outer edges of quills, white.
_Female._ Uniform greenish-yellow beneath, olivaceous above, and
browner in the middle of the back; two white bands on the wings. Young
male of two years like the female, but with a broad black patch from
the bill to the upper part of the breast, this color extending along
the base of the bill so as to involve the eye and all anterior to it
to the base of the bill, somewhat as in _I. cucullatus_. Length of
Pennsylvania male specimens, 7.25; wing, 3.25.

HAB. United States from the Atlantic to the high Central Plains,
probably throughout Texas; south to Guatemala. Xalapa (SCL. 1859,
365); Cordova (SCL. 1856, 301); Guatemala (SCL. Ibis, I, 20; LAWR. N.
Y. Lyc. IX, 104); Rio Atrato (CASS. P. A. N. S. 1860, 140); Costa Rica
(CABAN. J. 1861, 8); Panama (LAWR. N. Y. Lyc. 1861, 331); Cuba
(GUNDLACH); Veragua (SALVIN, 1867, 142); Vera Cruz, winter (SUM. M. B.
S. I,); Mazatlan.

This species varies greatly in size with its geographical
distribution.

Winter specimens from Mexico have the black obscured by brownish
borders to the feathers.

Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.

A History of North American Birds; Land Birds; Vol. 2 of 3

A History of North American Birds; Land Birds; Vol. 2 of 3

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