A History of Science — Volume 1Williams, Henry Smith
History
A History of Science — Volume 1
Williams, Henry Smith
Science -- History
Yet if our analysis does not lead us astray, the theory of Democritus
was not truly monistic; his indestructible atoms, differing from one
another in size and shape, utterly incapable of being changed from the
form which they had maintained from the beginning, were in reality
as truly and primordially different as are the primordial elements of
Anaxagoras. In other words, the atom of Democritus is nothing less than
the primordial seed of Anaxagoras, a little more tangibly visualized and
given a distinctive name. Anaxagoras explicitly conceived his elements
as invisibly small, as infinite in number, and as made up of an
indefinite number of kinds--one for each distinctive substance in
the world. But precisely the same postulates are made of the atom of
Democritus. These also are invisibly small; these also are infinite
in number; these also are made up of an indefinite number of kinds,
corresponding with the observed difference of substances in the world.
"Primitive seeds," or "atoms," were alike conceived to be primordial,
un-changeable, and indestructible. Wherein then lies the difference? We
answer, chiefly in a name; almost solely in the fact that Anaxagoras did
not attempt to postulate the physical properties of the elements beyond
stating that each has a distinctive personality, while Democritus did
attempt to postulate these properties. He, too, admitted that each
kind of element has its distinctive personality, and he attempted to
visualize and describe the characteristics of the personality.
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