When Baldwin, disappointed of his visit to Sinai, seized Petra,
this became a Latin bishopric, and the Latin patriarch of Jerusalem
eventually had under him four bishops, of Tyre, Cæsarea, Nazareth,
and Petra.[248] The name of the Latin bishop of Petra is not
preserved.[249] According to Jacques of Vitry († 1244) the bishop
of Petra had one suffragan, _i.e._ “the bishop of Sinai, superior
to the convent of St. Katherine the Virgin, and the monks of that
convent.”[250] In Sinai itself no record of a Latin prelate was
preserved. But irregularities in the succession suggest that the Latin
bishop of Sinai was Simeon, who advocated the cause of the monks with
the Pope.
On the other side of the peninsula, the appropriation of Aila by the
Crusaders called for interference. Saladdin, in 1170, had a fleet
built, with which he sailed around the peninsula, and attacked and
retook Aila. But the enterprising Renaud de Chatillon (the Alaïris of
Makrizi) collected material for ships on the Dead Sea, conveyed them to
the Gulf of Akaba on camel-back, and seized Aila from where he pillaged
the coast, and made piratical descents on the shipping for over a year.
The small island, Iotabe, later Emrag, the present Zigiret el Faraun,
lies at a short distance from Aila. It has no harbour, but is almost
entirely built over by a castle with squared towers in the mediæval
style. The work was probably begun in Roman times, but was added to by
Renaud de Chatillon. But in 1184 Melek el Adel (Abu Bakr, 1199-1218),
the brother of Saladdin (1171-1193), came with a fleet to Aila and
attacked and finally routed the Franks. Advancing across the country he
re-conquered Petra, which henceforth remained under Moslim rule.
In the meantime the monks were profiting by the good graces of
neighbouring prelates. In 1203 the archbishop of Crete, described as
“a lover of St. Katherine, the Virgin,” bestowed on the monks of Sinai
property in Crete which represented an annual income of four hundred
ducats,[251] whereupon Simeon, bishop of Sinai went into Crete, where
he built a priory (μετόχιον). In 1204 the Venetians acquired the whole
island of Crete by purchase from Boniface, marquis of Montferrat, and
Simeon went to Venice where losses incurred by the monks, were made
good to him.[252] A letter is extant of the Doge Pietro Ziani of 1211,
in which he confirmed the ruler of Mount Sinai in the possessions which
he held in Crete. It describes the ruler as “archbishop,” which seems
to be the earliest use of this title. Crete remained in the power of
the city of Venice till 1645, and letters are extant from successive
doges which confirm the rights held by the monks in the island.[253]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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