[13]Cf. Herbert S. Auerbach, “Old Trails, Old Forts, Old Trappers and Traders,” _Utah Historical Quarterly_, Vol. IX, 1941, pp. 13-63. [14]Cf. J. C. Fremont, _Narrative of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains_ (New York, 1846). [15]What is now the Virgin River was called Sulphur Creek by Escalante in 1776. Jedediah S. Smith named it Adams River, to which he adhered in letters written on both trips of 1826 and 1827. This upsets the idea that he named it for Thomas Virgin, a member of his party. George C. Yount, as recorded in 1923 by Charles L. Camp, (_loc. cit._, p. 10), told of entering the Virgin River valley on a trip in 1830, but this is no assurance that it was so named at that early date. It bore the name of Rio Virgin in 1844 when Fremont passed over the Spanish Trail and doubtless the name was given between 1827 and 1844. In Fremont’s time, the Muddy River was called “Rio de Los Angeles,” and the Mountain Meadows “las Vegas de Santa Clara” (the Meadows of St. Clara). [16]Fremont, _op. cit._, p. 168. [17]Cf. Franklin D. Daines, “Separatism in Utah, 1847-1870,” in _Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1917_ (Washington, D.C., 1920). [18]Dale L. Morgan, “The State of Deseret,” _Utah Historical Quarterly_, Vol. VIII, pp. 67-239. [19]Cf. Leland H. Creer, _Utah and the Nation_ (Seattle, Washington, 1929); Robert J. Dwyer, _The Gentile Comes to Utah_ (Washington, D.C., 1941). Andrew L. Neff, _History of Utah_ (Salt Lake City, 1940). [20]“L.D.S. Journal History,” November 13, 1847 (in files of L.D.S. Church Historian’s Office, Salt Lake City, Utah). [21]There are many references in Mormon records to Fremont’s report. Orson Hyde’s letter of April 26, 1845, to Church officials in Nauvoo mentions obtaining a copy of Fremont’s report and having Stephen A. Douglas frank it to Joseph Smith in Nauvoo. The _Nauvoo Neighbor_, September 24, 1845, devoted four and one-half columns of the front page to discussions of and quotations from this report. The Journal of William Clayton, secretary to Brigham Young, frequently refers to Fremont’s report and map. In Volume 11 and 12 of the _Millenial Star_, Orson Pratt makes a number of references to Fremont’s report. [22]“Journal History,” September 17, 1849. [23]“L.D.S. Journal History,” September 20 and October 2, 1849; Cf. W. A. Chaffant, _Death Valley_ (Stanford University Press, 1939), pp. 17-22; R. G. Cleland, _From Wilderness to Empire_ (New York, 1944), pp. 249-255; William Lewis Manly, _Death Valley in ’49_ (New York, 1924), pp. 201-203. [24]Report of the Southern Exploring Expedition submitted to the Legislative Council of Deseret by Parley P. Pratt, February 9, 1850 (original in L.D.S. Church Historian’s Office). [25]_Loc. cit._