The reforms which have been chronicled were the result of a great body of legislation, most of which emanated directly from the crown, although some important laws were enacted in conjunction with the _Cortes_. Taken with the variety of legislation in preceding years it caused not a little confusion as to the precise principle governing a specific case. This led to the compilation by Alfonso Díaz de Montalvo of the _Ordenanzas Reales de Castilla_ (1484?), or Royal Ordinances of Castile, commonly called the Ordinance (_Ordenamiento_) of Doctor Montalvo, in which were set forth various ordinances of the _Cortes_ since that of Alcalá in 1348 and certain orders of the kings from the time of Alfonso X, together with some provisions of earlier date. In all, 1163 laws were included, of which 230 belonged to the era of the Catholic Kings. Although it is not certain, the _Ordenanzas_ seems to have been promulgated as law, and in any event was very influential, running through thirteen editions down to the year 1513. The compilation was far from meeting the full requirement of the times, however. Besides being incomplete, as was only to be expected, it contained various inaccuracies of form and substance. Furthermore, with such varying elements still in effect as the _Partidas_ and the medieval _fueros_, besides the unwritten transformation and unification which had been going on for two centuries (as a result of royalist policies), there was need for a clear and methodical revision of Castilian legislation. Various other publications covering special phases of the laws, such as the _Ordenanzas de Alcabalas_ (1491), or Ordinances of the _Alcabala_, the already mentioned _Leyes de Toro_ (1505), and the privileges of the _Mesta_ (1511), date from this era, while there was a similar tendency toward legislative publication in the Catalonian and Valencian parts of the kingdom of Aragon. [Sidenote: Relations of church and state.]