Here our general _authorities_ are still Bancroft, Hildreth, and Bryant; David Ramsay’s _History of the American Revolution_; the last volume of James Grahame’s _Rise and Progress of the United States of North America_; John Fiske’s _American Revolution_; Thomas Hutchinson’s _History of Massachusetts_; John S. Barry’s _History of Massachusetts_; Richard Frothingham’s _Rise of the Republic of the United States_; Justin Winsor’s _The Conflict Precipitated_, in the sixth volume of Winsor’s _Narrative and Critical History of America_; and the twelfth chapter of W. E. H. Lecky’s _History of England in the Eighteenth Century_. To these we now add Frank Moore’s _Diary of the American Revolution_; George Chalmers’s _Introduction to the History of the Revolt_; Timothy Pitkin’s _Political and Civil History of the United States_; and the fourth volume of John Richard Green’s _History of the English People_. Here, also, the biographies of the chief public men of the period must be the reader’s constant resource for a closer view of affairs, particularly the _Lives_ of such men as John and Samuel Adams, John Dickinson, Franklin, Hamilton, Patrick Henry, John Jay, Jefferson, the Lees, George Mason, James Otis, Timothy Pickering, and Washington. The chief _sources_ that should be mentioned are the _Debates of Parliament_; the _Annual Register_; the _Proceedings_ and _Collections_ of the Historical Societies of the original States; Peter Force’s _American Archives_; Jared Sparks’s _Correspondence of the Revolution_; Hezekiah Niles’s _Principles and Acts of the Revolution in America_; _Copy of Letters sent to Great Britain by Thomas Hutchinson_, reprinted in _Franklin Before the Privy Council_; P. O. Hutchinson’s _Life and Letters of Thomas Hutchinson_; and the published speeches, letters, and papers of the leading American and English statesmen of the time. CHAPTER IV THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE