This district, which is two hundred and forty miles from north to south, and two hundred and seventy from east to west on the northern part, is bounded on the south by the Spanish possessions, on the east by the Paraguay, on the north by the district of Juruenna, and on the west by the Guapore. It extends between 13° and 16° 20′ of southern latitude. The face of the country is undulated with serras of no great elevation, which, however, attract the sight at a great distance, with plains more or less extensive, woods, and intermixtures of _charnecas_, (barren tracts,) and is watered by a great number of rivers, tributary to the two largest of South America. The most considerable mountains are on the northern part, and are branches of the serra of Paricis. MINERALOGY.--Gold, diamonds, crystals, granite, minerals of iron, potters’ earth, calcareous stone. PHYTOLOGY.--The _opuncia_ is common in various situations; in others the ipecacuanha; indigo grows spontaneously in humid lands; jalap is well known; also the trees of cupahiba, _almecega_, or gum-mastich, manna, and dragons’ blood. There is a diversity of excellent timber for building, and abundance of oranges, _goyabas_, _aracas_, _mangabas_, pine-apples, water-melons, and bananas, generally of good quality. The objects of cultivation are Indian corn, mandioca, rice, legumes, tobacco, cotton, and the sugar cane, as far as it is required for the consumption of the population. European merchandise and some Asiatic productions arrive here at an exorbitant price, and are only procured in exchange for gold. ZOOLOGY.--All the species of wild quadrupeds which are encountered in the maritime provinces are here common; of domestic animals cattle only are numerous; sheep are rare; and, hitherto, there are no breeders of mules. Here are common the emu ostrich, _sereima_, _mutun_, _jacu_, _tucano_, parrot, partridge, heron, _guiraponga_, and _jaburu_. Industry is very limited; and the weaving of coarse cottons, for labourers, and curing of hides, which exceed the demand, are its principal objects up to this period.