Here are cultivated mandioca, tobacco, sugar, (the greater part of which is distilled into spirit,) cotton, (part of which is manufactured into cloth,) wheat, rye, and a great quantity of white Indian corn, the dry flour of which is the ordinary bread; this corn, after the skin is taken off, dressed, and sweetened with sugar, is a dainty introduced into every banquet, and is called _cangica_. Also are grown potatoes, legumes, hortulans, coffee, and indigo. Amongst other medicinal plants, there are ipecacuanha, columbo root, liquorice, jalap, a species of spikenard upon the serra Caraça; vanilla, and the _urucu_ dye tree. Amongst the resinous trees, are remarked the gum-copal, gum-mastick, benzoin, and _angico_. In some places are the storax, and the oil of cupahiba tree; in others the _barbatimoes_, its leaves nourishing the _cantharidas_, which is a lucrative branch of commerce. Some trees furnish fine bark, some ashes for the soap-house, others venom, with which fish are killed, and the upper bark of a tree which supplies the real _quina_, or Jesuit’s bark. There is a variety of the palm, and of trees affording fine timber for building. The cedar is common in some situations, and the Brazilian pine grows in the southern part, near the skirts of serras. There is a shrub differing from the _myrica cerifera_, the trunk and branches of which are always covered with a species of wax; also the _verniz_, or varnish tree, with which the Indians dye their _cuyas_ (clay cups.) Almost all the fruit trees of Portugal are naturalized here, but none of them improve; the peach and quince alone fructify abundantly; from the latter, a large quantity of sweetmeats are made. The _cajue_, the _jabuticaba_, the _araticu_, and the _mangaba_ fruits are common; also oranges, limes, bananas, pine-apples, and water-melons. From this province are exported hides, skins of deer, and of other wild animals; coarse cotton and woollen cloth, tobacco, coffee, fruits, sugar, cheese, pork, _pedra sabao_, precious stones, saltpetre, marmalade, &c. The whole is conducted to the metropolis upon mules, which proceed in caravans of one hundred and more, divided into troops of seven, managed by one muleteer. Their return cargo consists of salt, and other dry and moist goods. The treasury, besides the diamonds, fifths of gold, dizimos, duties upon negroes and goods introduced from the ports, of cattle, horses, and mules, entering from St. Paulo, receives a considerable revenue on the passage of rivers by bridges and barks, which are numerous. In the year 1808, the circulation of gold dust, till then, the only circulating medium, was prohibited, and coins of the three current metals substituted. In the year 1714, this province was divided into four comarcas; namely, COMARCAS. TOWNS. Villa Rica { Villa { Marianna