In the centre of the diamond district, one hundred and thirty miles north-north-east of Marianna, one hundred and ten from Sabara, one hundred south-west of Bom Successo, and twenty-eight north-north-west of Villa do Principe, in a broken part of Serro Frio, to the west, and not far from the river Jequitinhonha, is the flourishing arraial of St. Antonio do Tijuco, situated upon an amphitheatre, with a church of St. Antonio, which has the brotherhoods of S.S., of Pasos, and of the Lady of Terco, a chapel of the Lord of Bom Fim, with a fraternity of black creoles; four of the Lady of Amparo, with a brotherhood of mulattoes; of Carmo, with a Terceira order; of Rozario, with a fraternity of African blacks; and Mercez; another of St. Francisco, handsome, and with a Terceira order; a recolhimento of Donzellas, or Virgins, with their little chapel, dedicated to the Lady of Luz; and a house of misericordia, whose chapel is called St. Isabel. It has quarters for troops, abounds with excellent water, and is rendered particularly wholesome by salubrious mountain breezes. The buildings are generally of taipa, few being of stone. Here reside the tribunal, or diamond junta, composed of five deputies, namely, a _disembargador intendente_, (the intendant judge, or governor,) who is the president, with an exclusive jurisdiction in the diamond demarcation, and a salary of eight thousand crusades per annum, besides other very considerable emoluments; _um corregedor fiscal_, (a civil magistrate,) with 5000 crusades; _um primeiro caixa_, (a first book or chest keeper,) with 8000; _um segundo caixa_, (a second book or chest keeper,) with 6000; _um inspector geral_, (an inspector general,) with 4000. There is an _escrivao_, or accountant of diamonds; and a _merinho_, or officer, for apprehending persons. The governor has an _escrivao_, who attends the civil and criminal proceedings. There are upwards of six thousand negroes to work for diamonds, and two hundred inspectors, who are whites and subordinate to the junta. In some years there have been found from four to five thousand oitavas (five hundred to six hundred ounces) of diamonds, and amongst them, some stones from one-eighth to five-eighths of an ounce. No one is allowed to enter this district without an express licence. CHAP. XIII. PROVINCE OF ESPIRITO SANTO. _Extent--Boundaries--Misfortunes of its Donatories--Spirited Resistance of the Indians--Partial Cultivation--Principally possessed by Indians--Mountains--Mineralogy--Zoology--Descents of Indians to the Coast--Phytology--Rivers and Ports--Povoações --Island of Ascension._