AUTHORITIES.--The reader will find the fullest of references for the details in this chapter in Clifford Walton's _History of the British Standing Army_, with an index which will enable him to trace them without difficulty. Having myself perused the War Office books and papers in the Record Office, and the Calendars of the Domestic and Treasury State Papers independently, I can answer for the care and accuracy of the author in the preparation of this vast store of information, and gladly acknowledge my debt to it. The defect of the work is, of course, that it begins abruptly at the year 1660. Mr. Dalton's _Army Lists and Commission Registers_ are also of great value, and claim the gratitude of all workers in the field of English military history. Sir Sibbald Scott's _British Army_ is worth consulting occasionally for a few details, but is superseded by Hewitt's _Ancient Armour_ on one side, and by Colonel Clifford Walton on the other. Mackinnon's _Coldstream Guards_ contains a very valuable appendix of ancient documents. Sir F. Hamilton's _History of the Grenadier Guards_ should be used only with extreme caution. The drill and exercise of the period may be studied in Venn's _Military Observations_, 1672. BOOK V CHAPTER I Seldom has a man been confronted with such difficulties as those that beset William of Orange when the Revolution was fairly accomplished. So long as his success was still uncertain he stood in his favourite position of a military commander doing his worst against the power of France, while to the English nation he was a champion and a deliverer. Once seated on the throne he found that he had to do with a disorganised administration and a demoralised people. Forty years of revolution, interrupted by twenty-five of corrupt government, had done their work; and chaos reigned alike in the minds of private men and in all departments of the public service. Finally, as if this were not sufficient, there was a war in Ireland, a war in Flanders, and the practical certainty of an insurrection in Scotland.