The Canary Islands, inhabited by a race of Berber origin, had been rediscovered (for Greek and Roman geographers knew of them) by Normans and Genoese in the 14th century. Previous to that they had already been brought into touch with the Moors of the Moroccan coast, though they were never Islamized but remained in some respects in the primitive, stone-age condition which the Berbers of the mainland had quitted two thousand years before. The men often went naked; but the race in some respects exhibited a characteristic Neolithic civilization and was far removed from savagery. The archipelago was partially conquered by a Norman adventurer, Jean de Betancourt or Bethencourt; and his title after passing through many hands was finally claimed by Portugal. Portugal, however, transferred her rights to Castile in 1479. Footnote 58: It is necessary to discriminate in spelling between the river Congo and Congoland generally and the little kingdom of Kongo between Stanley Pool and the Atlantic coast. This important native state, whose legendary founder was a mighty hunter armed with an iron spear (Kongo) gave its name to the great river, which was also styled Zaire by the Portuguese from the native term Nzadi. Footnote 59: The original name of this tribe, which came from the southern Congo basin, was “Imbangola.” _Jaga_ was apparently like the Jinga of old Angola merely the title of their clan-chieftains, _Jok_ or _Kiokwe_ (as they are called in Lunda) was a nickname meaning “Hyena.” Their descendants seem still to reside on the river Kwango behind Angola under the name of Imbangala. The Ba-yaka of the Northern Kwango are quite distinct. Footnote 60: Grandson of the explorer, Bartolomeu. Footnote 61: Such wheat as is cultivated in Africa north of 15° N. Latitude is similar to the European and Egyptian kinds; the wheat introduced by the Arabs and Portuguese into Zambezia is red wheat, apparently from India. Footnote 62: