This engine, the "De Witt Clinton," was contracted for by John B. Jervis, and fitted up by David Matthew. It had two steam-cylinders, each 5-1/2 inches in diameter and 16 inches stroke of piston. The connecting-rods were directly attached to a cranked axle, and turned four coupled wheels 4-1/2 feet in diameter. These wheels had cast-iron hubs and wrought-iron spokes and tires. The tubes were of copper, 2-1/2 inches in diameter and 6 feet long. The engine weighed 3-1/2 tons, and hauled 5 cars at the rate of 30 miles an hour. Another engine, the "South Carolina" (Fig. 62), was designed by Horatio Allen for the South Carolina Railroad, and completed late in the year 1831. This was the first eight-wheeled engine, and the prototype, also, of a peculiar and lately-revived form of engine. In the summer of 1832, an engine built by Messrs. Davis & Gartner, of York, Pa., was put on the Baltimore & Ohio road, which at times attained a speed, unloaded, of 30 miles an hour. The engine weighed 3-1/2 tons, and drew, usually, 4 cars, weighing altogether 14 tons, from Baltimore to Ellicott's Mills, a distance of 13 miles, in the schedule-time, one hour. [Illustration: FIG. 62.--The "South Carolina," 1831.] Horatio Allen's engine on the South Carolina Railroad is said to have been the first eight-wheeled engine ever built. It was at about the time of which we are now writing that the first locomotive was built of what is now distinctively known as the American type--an engine with a "truck" or "bogie" under the forward end of the boiler. This was the "American" No. 1, built at the West Point Foundery, from plans furnished by John B. Jervis, Chief Engineer, for the Mohawk & Hudson Railroad. Ross Winans had already (1831) introduced the passenger-car with swiveling trucks.[56] It was completed in August, 1832, and is said by Mr. Matthew to have been an extremely fast and smooth-running engine. A mile a minute was repeatedly attained, and it is stated by the same authority,[57] that a speed of 80 miles an hour was sometimes made over a single mile. This engine had cylinders 9-1/2 inches diameter, 16 inches stroke of piston, two pairs of driving-wheels, coupled, 5 feet in diameter each; and the truck had four 33-inch wheels. The boiler contained tubes 3 inches in diameter, and its fire-box was 5 feet long and 2 feet 10 inches wide. Robert Stephenson & Co. subsequently built a similar engine, from the plans of Mr. Jervis, and for the same road. It was set at work in 1833. In both engines the driving-wheels were behind the fire-box. This engine is another illustration of the fact--shown by the description already given of other and earlier engines--that the independence of the American mechanic, and the boldness and self-confidence which have to the present time distinguished him, were among the earliest of the fruits of our political independence and freedom. [56] "History of the First Locomotives in America," Brown.