A History of the Growth of the Steam-EngineThurston, Robert Henry
History
A History of the Growth of the Steam-Engine
Thurston, Robert Henry
Steam-engines -- History
In 1804, while Fulton was in Europe, Stevens had completed a
steamboat, 68 feet long and of 14 feet beam, which combined novelties
and merits of design in a manner that exhibited the best possible
evidence of remarkable inventive talent, as well as of the most
perfect appreciation of the nature of the problem which he had
proposed to himself to solve. Its boiler (Fig. 83) was of what is now
known as the water-tubular variety. It was quite similar to some now
known as sectional boilers, and contained 100 tubes 2 inches in
diameter and 18 inches long, each fastened at one end to a central
water-leg and steam-drum, and plugged at the other end. The flames
from the furnace passed around and among the tubes, the water being
inside them. The engine (Fig. 84) was a _direct-acting high-pressure_
condensing engine, having a 10-inch cylinder, 2 feet stroke of piston,
and drove a _screw_ having four blades, and of a form which, even
to-day, appears quite good. The whole is a most remarkable piece of
early engineering.
[Illustration: FIG. 84.--Engine, Boiler, and Screw-Propellers used by
Stevens, 1804.]
A model of this little steamer, built in 1804, is preserved in the
lecture-room of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the
Stevens Institute of Technology; and the machinery itself, consisting
of the high-pressure "sectional" or "safety" tubular boiler, as it
would be called to-day, the high-pressure condensing engine, with
rotating valves, and twin screw-propellers, as just described, is
given a place of honor in the model-room, or museum, where it
contrasts singularly with the mechanism contributed to the collection
by manufacturers and inventors of our own time. The hub and blade of a
single screw, also used with the same machinery, is likewise to be
seen there.
[Illustration: FIG. 85.--Stevens's Screw Steamer, 1804.]
Stevens seems to have been the first to fully recognize the importance
of the principle involved in the construction of the sectional
steam-boiler. His eldest son, John Cox Stevens, was in Great Britain
in the year 1805, and, while there, patented another modification of
this type of boiler. In his specification, he details both the method
of construction and the principles which determine its form. He says
that he describes this invention as it was made known to him by his
father, and adds:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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