A History of the Growth of the Steam-EngineThurston, Robert Henry
History
A History of the Growth of the Steam-Engine
Thurston, Robert Henry
Steam-engines -- History
In American engines (as is seen in Fig. 96), usually, two supports are
placed--the one under the latter bearing, and the other under the
cylinder--to take the weight of the engine; and through them it is
secured to the foundation. As in the vertical engine already
described, a valve is sometimes used, consisting of two pistons
connected by a rod, and worked by an ordinary eccentric. By a simple
arrangement these pistons have always the same pressure inside as out,
which prevents any leakage or blowing through; and they are said
always to work equally as well and free from friction under 150 pounds
pressure as under 10 pounds per square inch, and to require no
adjustment. It is more usual, however, to adopt the three-ported valve
used on locomotives, with (frequently) a cut-off valve on the back of
this main valve, which cut-off valve is adjusted either by hand or by
the governor.
Engines of the class just described are especially well fitted, by
their simplicity, compactness, and solidity, to work at the high
piston-speeds which are gradually becoming generally adopted in the
effort to attain increased economy of fuel by the reduction of the
immense losses of heat which occur in the expansion of steam in the
metallic cylinders through which we are now compelled to work it.
One of the best known of recent engines is the Allen engine, a
steam-engine having the same general arrangement of parts seen in the
above illustration, but fitted with a peculiar valve-gear, and having
proportions of parts which are especially calculated to secure
smoothness of motion and uniformity of pressure on crank-pin and
journals, at speeds so high that the inertia of the reciprocating
parts becomes a seriously-important element in the calculation of the
distribution of stresses and their effect on the dynamics of the
machine.
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