When the accused was decided to be insane the plan adopted was to transfer him to a hospital, but in 1570 the Suprema required to be consulted before this was done. Hospitals were not always willing to receive such patients, but they were constrained to do so, as appears by an order of the Suprema in 1574, in such a case.[166] The diagnosis of insanity is sufficiently obscure to modern science, and it is not surprising that the Inquisition experienced difficulty in protecting itself against attempts at imposition, which were regarded as frequent. Peña informs us that insanity was always looked upon with suspicion, as probably fictitious, but he can only suggest that the gaolers should keep careful watch, and the inquisitors threaten or employ torture, to which there was no objection, unless there was risk of death, and which was an effective means of detecting imposture.[167] There was, in fact, as we have seen, no hesitation in having recourse to it when other means failed, but it is to the credit of the Inquisition that it was ready to exhaust all its resources in doubtful cases, to determine the question of sanity, however much its ultimate conclusions might be warped by prejudice or preconceptions. An exceedingly illustrative case was that of Benito Ferrer, a wandering beggar, wearing priestly garments, arrested in Madrid, August 24, 1621, by the archiepiscopal police and confined in the spiritual prison. He was about to be discharged when, on September 20th, while mass was being celebrated in the oratory, he sprang forward at the elevation of the Host, snatched it from the hands of the celebrant, crushed it and cast part of it on the floor, exclaiming "O traitor God, now you shall pay me!" The sacrilege of course caused the greatest excitement and indignation. The archiepiscopal court took cognizance of the matter and was about to discharge Benito as crazy, when the Inquisition claimed him and sent him to Toledo for trial, with orders to push the case. Before leaving Madrid he was examined by the commissioner, when he asserted his entire sanity and explained his act by asserting that the Host was not consecrated, for the priest and everyone else whom he saw were enchanted demons. [Sidenote: _THE DEFENCE--INSANITY_]