A history of the Peninsular War, Vol. 5, Oct. 1811-Aug. 31, 1812 : $b Valencia, Ciudad Rodrigo, Badajoz, Salamanca, MadridOman, Charles
History
A history of the Peninsular War, Vol. 5, Oct. 1811-Aug. 31, 1812 : $b Valencia, Ciudad Rodrigo, Badajoz, Salamanca, Madrid
Oman, Charles
Peninsular War, 1807-1814
The only dangerous possibility was the intervention of Marmont with
five or six divisions of the Army of Portugal, as had happened at the
time of the operations on the Caya in June 1811. Wellington, as we
have seen in his directions to Baccelar and Castaños, thought this
intervention probable. But from the disposition of Marmont’s troops
at the moment of his own departure from Freneda, he thought that he
could count on three weeks, or a little more, of freedom from any
interference from this side. Two at least of Marmont’s divisions
(Souham and Bonnet) would almost certainly be left in the North, to
contain the Galicians and Asturians. Of the other six only one (Foy)
was in the valley of the Tagus: the rest were scattered about, at
Salamanca, Avila, Valladolid, &c., and would take time to collect[254].
Wellington was quite aware of Marmont’s difficulties with regard to
magazines; he also counted on the roughness of the roads, the fact that
the rivers were high in March, and (most of all) on the slowness with
which information would reach the French marshal[255]. Still, here lay
the risk, so far as Wellington could know. What he could not guess
was that the movement which he feared had been expressly forbidden
to Marmont by his master, and that only on March 27th was permission
granted to the Marshal to execute the march to Almaraz. By that time,
as we have already seen, it was too late for him to profit by the
tardily-granted leave.
[254] For Wellington’s speculations (fairly correct) as to
Marmont’s distribution of his troops, see _Dispatches_, viii. p.
618, Feb. 19, to Graham.
[255] Wellington to Victor Alten, March 5, _Dispatches_, viii. p.
649, makes a special point of ‘the difficulties which the enemy
experiences in getting intelligence’ as a means of gaining time
for himself.
But it was the possibility of Marmont’s appearance on the scene, rather
than anything which might be feared from Soult, which made the siege
of Badajoz a time-problem, just as that of Ciudad Rodrigo had been.
The place must, if possible, be taken somewhere about the first week
in April, the earliest date at which a serious attempt at relief was
likely to be made[256].
[256] Napier (iv. p. 98) tries to make out that Wellington’s
siege began ten days later than he wished and hoped, by the fault
of the Portuguese Regency. I cannot see how Badajoz could have
been invested on the 6th of March, when (as the route-directions
show) the head of the marching column from the Agueda only
reached Portalegre on the 8th. The movement of the army was not
delayed, so far as I can see, by the slackness of Portuguese
management at Lisbon or Elvas. But Wellington certainly grumbled.
Did he intend that Hill alone should invest Badajoz, before the
rest of the army arrived?
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