A history of the Peninsular War, Vol. 6, September 1, 1812-August 5, 1813 : $b The siege of Burgos, the retreat from Burgos, the campaign of Vittoria, the battles of the PyreneesOman, Charles
History
A history of the Peninsular War, Vol. 6, September 1, 1812-August 5, 1813 : $b The siege of Burgos, the retreat from Burgos, the campaign of Vittoria, the battles of the Pyrenees
Oman, Charles
Peninsular War, 1807-1814
Beside the 21,000 men of the 4th Army, who marched in the
Anglo-Portuguese line under Castaños’s nephew General Giron[456],
there was only one other Spanish force which Wellington intended to
employ in his own operations. This was the so-called ‘Army of Reserve
of Andalusia,’ which had to come up all the way from Seville, and
was far too late to join in the campaign of Vittoria: it did not get
to the front till July: even later than the Generalissimo expected.
The origin of this corps was that, when Soult evacuated Andalusia in
September 1812, the best-equipped of the Cadiz garrison troops joined
the field-army of Ballasteros, and advanced with him to Granada.
This body was in April 1813 known as the ‘Third Army’ and was now
commanded by the Duque del Parque, the successor of the cashiered
Ballasteros. But the remainder of the Cadiz garrison, which had not
gone to the front, was organized during the winter into a separate
unit, under Henry O’Donnell, the Conde d’Abispal. It was rather a
miscellaneous assembly--seven of its fourteen battalions having been
regiments which did not march in October 1812 because they were low
in numbers or equipment, and three more newly-raised units, formed to
replace in the Army List old regiments which had perished in previous
campaigns. However, they were filled up with recruits, re-clothed and
re-equipped, and Wellington intended to use them with his own army, as
_étape_ and blockade troops. He preferred to take them with him rather
than the 3rd Army, which was suspected of having many officers who
had been devoted to Ballasteros, and who had resented the appointment
of the new British generalissimo[457]. Moreover, O’Donnell was in
every way a better officer than Del Parque, and had a good fighting
reputation, though he was noted as impetuous and quarrelsome. The Army
of Reserve of Andalusia was 14,000 strong, in two infantry divisions
under Generals Echevari and Creagh and a weak cavalry brigade under
Freire--late second in command of the Murcian army. The slow equipment
of this corps, its late start, and its frequent halts for want of
provisions, formed a perpetual source of dispute between Wellington and
the Minister of War at Cadiz. But as it was not destined to form part
of the original striking-force at the opening of the campaign, or to
discharge any essential duty in the general scheme, its absence was not
much felt. When it did appear, after Vittoria, it was usefully employed
in blockading Pampeluna.
But in the summer campaign of 1813 it must be remembered that
Wellington employed no Spanish troops save the original 21,000
Galicians and Estremadurans under Giron, and Longa’s 4,000 Cantabrians,
who joined in from the North ten days before Vittoria, and took a
creditable share in that battle.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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