South, the, staple industries of, based on Slavery, 40; divergence between North and, 47; balance between North and, 47, 85; changes of view of Slavery in, 129-135; aggressive policy of, 144-145; rejects Douglas, 153; votes for Breckinridge, 155; motives of Secession of, 163-164; military capabilities of, 179; attitude of, after the war, 211-212; attitude of, towards Negroes, 212; Grant on temper of, 213; Negro rule established in, 221-222; liberation of, 224-225; Negro problem in, 225-226 South America, colonized by Spain, 1; influence of French Revolution on, 87; freedom of, guaranteed by Monroe Doctrine, 88; German ambitions in, 238 South Carolina, colonization of, 8; "Tories" in, 31; Cornwallis and Tarleton in, 31; dislike of Protection in, 98; nullifies Tariff, 99; nullifies Force Bill, 101; talk of Secession in, 123; election of Lincoln cheered in, 156; peculiar attitude of, 156-157; secedes from the Union, 158; demands surrender of Sumter, 172; anger against, 173-4; Sherman's march through, 201 Southern Confederacy, anticipated by Jackson, 102; formed, 169. (_See also_ Confederate States.) Spain, Columbus sails from, 1; claims the New World, 3; decline of, 9; Louisiana transferred to, 10; dominated by Napoleon, 68; Burr seeks support from, 73; proposes war with, 74; neutral in war of 1812..82; U.S. complaints against, 86-87; sells Florida to U.S., 87; war with, 234 Spanish Colonies, 1, 3; revolt of, 87 "Spoils System," the, Jefferson accused of originating, 68; Jackson inaugurates, 96; effect of, 109 Spottsylvania, Battle of, 198 "Squatter Sovereignty," hostile nickname for "Popular Sovereignty" (_q.v._), 142 Stamp Act, imposed, 14; resistance to, 15-16; repealed, 17 Stanton, appointed Secretary for War, 194; dismissal of, 219 Stars and Bars, the flag of the Confederacy, 173 Stars and Stripes, the, origin of, 35; South Carolina hands down, 158; affection of Davis for, 167; anger at affront to, 173-174; first appearance of, on European battlefields, 239-240 States, independence of, recognized severally, 35; powers of, under the Constitution, 44; representation of, in Congress, 47 State Sovereignty, question of, left undefined by the Convention, 43; doctrine of, affirmed by Quincey, 70; Hartford Convention takes its stand on, 82; Calhoun maintains, 111; extreme view of, taken by South Carolina, 156-157; Lincoln avoids overt challenge to, 171; Virginia's adherence to, 174-175; Lee's belief in, 175-176; Kentucky's interpretation of, 177-178 Stephens, Alexander H., opposes secession of Georgia, 161; chosen Vice-President of the Confederacy, 169; on Slavery, 170; urges claims of Negroes, 212 Stevens, Thaddeus, dictator of Reconstruction policy, 214; his character and aims, 214-216; compels House to accept his leadership, 216; mover in Impeachment of Johnson, 218; death of, 224