Union, urgent need for, 41-42; difficulties of, 43; achieved, 51; Western feeling for, 72; Jackson's devotion to the, 100; Clay called upon to save the, 125; Abolitionists hostile to the, 133, 136; South Carolina's view of the, 157; Lincoln declares perpetual, 168; calls for soldiers to defend the, 174 United States, Constitution framed for, _42 et seq._; neutrality of, 59; enthusiasm for France in, 60; Louisiana purchased by, 68; war with Great Britain, 79; Great Britain makes peace with, 83; feeling of victory in, 84; Florida acquired by, 87; European intervention in America declared unfriendly to, 88; Monroe Doctrine essential to, 88-89; Jackson's importance for, 108; claims of, to Oregon, 117; Texas desires to join, 118; dispute between Mexico and, 120; successful in war against Mexico, 122; California, etc., acquired by, 122; secessions from, 158, 161, 176; anger in Great Britain with, 183; protests of, in _Alabama_ case, 192; compensation paid to, 192; Napoleon III. avoids conflict with, 214; immigration problems in, 230-231; labour movement in, 233-234; attitude of, towards European War, 237-238; declares war, 239; contrast between Prussia and, 239 Vallandingham, a typical "Copperhead," 194; sent across Confederate lines, 195 Van Buren, accuses Calhoun of conspiring against Eaton, 98; fears power of U.S. Bank in New York, 104; reports Palmerston on Jackson, 108; President, 110; avoids war with Great Britain, 111 Vermont, a Puritan Colony, 5; refuses invitation to Hartford Convention, 81 Vice-President, how chosen, 46; change in method of choosing, 67; Calhoun, 97; Tyler, 114; unimportance of, 114; Johnson, 200; Roosevelt, 235 Vicksburg, capture of, 196 Vikings, unimportance of, 2 Virginia, foundation of, 3-4; opposition to Stamp Act in, 16; sends Jefferson to Continental Congress, 20; invaded by British forces, 34; Jefferson's reforms in, 36 _et seq._; fails to adopt his plan regarding Slavery, 41; slave insurrection in, 130; legislature of, discusses slavery, 130; John Brown plans slave rising in, 152; rejects Secession, 171; objects to coercion of a State, 174-175; secedes from the Union, 176; joins Confederacy, 176; invaded, 180, 186, 187, 192, 198 War of 1812, 79-84; effect of, 84, 87 War of Independence, 25-35 War with Spain, 234-235. (_See also_ Civil War, Mexican War) Washington, City of, site agreed on, 55; Jefferson inaugurated in, 67; burnt by British, 80; Slave Trade abolished in, 126; attack on, feared, 187 Washington, Booker, quoted, 212, 220