REFERENCES.—Rhodes’s _History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850_ is the most thorough, impartial, and authoritative of all general works on the subject; the first two volumes are devoted to the years from 1850 to 1860, and by means of the full table of contents and the index, the student may obtain a fair presentation of the causes of the War, without reading the whole. Schouler’s _United States_, Vol. V., is also full and valuable. Wilson, _Division and Reunion_, 204-216; Johnson, _American Politics_, 188-196; Goldwin Smith, _United States_; Morse, _Abraham Lincoln_ (2 vols. “American Statesmen”); Tarbell’s _Abraham Lincoln_, Vol. II., 1-150, contains much interesting material not before published; Sanborn, _Life and Letters of John Brown_; Stephens, _War between the States_, Vol. I., probably presents the ablest Southern view; Pollard, _Lost Cause_; Davis, _The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government_, Vol. I.; Greeley, _American Conflict_, Vol. I.; Grant, _Personal Memoirs_, Vol. I.; Sherman, _Memoirs_; Nicolay and Hay, _Abraham Lincoln_ (10 vols.); Johnston, _American Orations_; Garrison, _Life of William Lloyd Garrison_, Vols. I. and II.; Buchanan, _Buchanan’s Administration_; Dabney, _Defence of Virginia_; Longstreet, _From Manassas to Appomattox_; F. Bancroft, _Life of William H. Seward_ (2 vols.); Lothrop, _William H. Seward_ (“American Statesmen”); Storey, _Charles Sumner_ (“American Statesmen”); T. N. Page, _The Old South_; H. A. Wise, _Seven Decades_; Trent, _W. G. Simms_ (“American Men of Letters”); Trent, _Southern Statesmen of the Old Régime_; Channing and Hart, _Guide to American History_. ----- [188] Born in Maryland, 1777; died, 1864. Graduated from Dickinson College; studied law and settled in Baltimore; was a Federalist and later a Jackson Democrat; was Attorney-General of the United States, 1831–1833; appointed Secretary of the Treasury by Jackson, he removed the government deposits from the bank, but was not confirmed by the Senate; Chief Justice of the United States from 1836 until his death. [189] Born, 1811; died, 1896. Was daughter of Rev. Lyman Beecher, and sister of Henry Ward Beecher; married Professor Calvin E. Stowe in 1836; resided in Cincinnati, where she had opportunities of acquiring considerable knowledge of Southern life; was stirred by the Fugitive Slave Law to write _Uncle Tom’s Cabin_; wrote many other novels and was until her death an important literary figure. [190] Minnesota was admitted as a free state in 1858, and Oregon in 1859.