REFERENCES.—The bibliography is much the same as for Chapter II., with the addition of: David Ramsay, _History of South Carolina_ (2 vols.); Edward McCrady, _History of South Carolina_ (3 vols.); Alexander Johnston, _Connecticut_ (“American Commonwealths”); E. H. Roberts, _New York_ (“American Commonwealths”); W. H. Browne, _Maryland_ (“American Commonwealths”); C. F. Adams, _Massachusetts, its Historians and its History_; F. L. Hawks, _History of North Carolina_ (2 vols.); J. T. Scharf, _History of Delaware_ (2 vols.); J. T. Scharf, _History of Maryland_ (3 vols.); S. G. Arnold, _History of Rhode Island_ (2 vols.); S. G. Fisher, _The True William Penn_; W. H. Browne, _George Calvert and Cecilius Calvert_ (“Makers of America”); O. S. Straus, _Roger Williams_. For both Chapters II. and III., see especially Thwaites, _The Colonies_, chaps, iv., vi., vii., and ix. Several interesting novels have their scenes laid in the early colonial period; of these, Hawthorne’s _Scarlet Letter_ is the most famous. Cooper’s _Water Witch_ and Simms’s _Cassique of Kiowah_ describe early New York and Charleston. Irving’s _History of New York by Diedrich Knickerbocker_ is practically a work of fiction and is full of humor. For more recent and other older novels, see Channing and Hart’s _Guide_, § 36 _a_. ----- [30] Born, 1582; died, 1632. Graduated at Oxford, 1597; became a Roman Catholic in 1624; obtained a patent (1632) from Charles I. for what is now Delaware and Maryland. [31] Under royal control religious persecution was allowed, and the colony ceased to flourish until in 1715 the Calverts were again made proprietors. Conditions then improved, and in 1729 Baltimore was founded as a port. [32] Compare fifteen thousand in 1650 with forty thousand in 1670. [33] Born, 1612; died, 1662. Noted Puritan statesman who came to Boston in 1635, and became governor the next year; took sides with Mrs. Hutchinson in the famous Antinomian controversy; soon returned to England; entered Parliament, became treasurer of the navy, and was prominent in the impeachment of Strafford; became a prominent leader and frequently opposed Cromwell; presided over the state council in 1659; is believed to have invented “the previous question” in parliamentary practice; on the accession of Charles II., was executed on the general charge of treason. [34] Harvard died in 1638, having been in the colony only a year. [35] Plymouth built a fur-trading house at Windsor in 1633; Dutchmen had already settled at Hartford. [36] It was a royal province from 1679 to 1685, after which it was reunited with Massachusetts. [37] Born in London, 1637; died, 1714. Governor of New York, 1674 to 1681; seized New Jersey in 1680; appointed governor of New England and New York in 1686, with headquarters at Boston; was deposed in 1689 and sent to England; governor of Virginia, 1692 to 1698.