=116. The New Provinces.=—The newly acquired territory was divided into three provinces. Canada became the Province of Quebec, part of its southern boundary line limiting the present states of New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. Florida was divided into two provinces, East and West Florida. A line was also drawn around the head waters of all the Atlantic-flowing rivers in the colonies, and the colonists were forbidden to settle in the reserved territory, which was set apart for the Indians. To defend these new provinces it was resolved to maintain within their borders a force of ten thousand men, who were to be supported partly by the Crown and partly by the colonies. That troops were needed was proved by the harassing though unsuccessful siege of Detroit by the Indians, led by Pontiac, chief of the Ottawas, in the spring and summer of 1763. * * * * * REFERENCES.—See Thwaites, _The Colonies_, chaps. xiii.–xiv. Add to preceding bibliography: A. V. G. Allen, _Jonathan Edwards_; C. C. Jones, _History of Georgia_ (2 vols.); C. Gayarré, _History of Louisiana_ (4 vols.); F. Parkman, _Frontenac and New France_, _La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West_, _A Half Century of Conflict_, _Montcalm and Wolfe_; A. B. Hart, _Formation of the Union_, chaps. i.–ii. (“Epochs of American History”); W. M. Sloane, _The French War and the Revolution_, chaps. i.–ix. (“American History Series”); H. C. Lodge, _George Washington_, Vol. I., chaps. i.–iii. (“American Statesmen Series”); J. Winsor, _The Mississippi Basin_; B. A. Hinsdale, _The Old Northwest_; T. Roosevelt, _The Winning of the West_, Vol. I.; B. Franklin, _Autobiography_; J. F. Cooper, _The Deerslayer_, _The Last of the Mohicans_, and _The Pathfinder_; Parkman’s _Conspiracy of Pontiac_ contains a résumé of the struggle for Canada. ----- [45] Some of the most interesting operations of the Civil War took place within the Shenandoah Valley. [46] Born in 1698; died, 1785. Officer of the British army; received grant, which he named Georgia, in 1732; founded Savannah in 1733; returned twice to England, and had a somewhat unsuccessful military and naval career; gave up the charter to the Crown in 1752, nine years after finally leaving America. [47] The region comprising what is now New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and part of Maine. [48] The region along the St. Lawrence of which Montreal and Quebec have always been the two chief centers.