Lord Selborne’s statement is very plausible, but will not stand investigation. The incumbents were only trustees, and as such received all the tithes. They had a common law right to a usufructuary part only, so had the poor and strangers and the church fabric. But in the various changes which took place in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries the trustees gave what they liked of the tithes to the poor, and also placed the expenses of repairing the church fabric upon the parishioners. It is too much to assume that the poor and strangers were in a pecuniary position to appeal, as Lord Selborne and others assert, to the superior courts and claim their share of the tithes. A body representing the poor with funds at their disposal might have done so, but it is really too much to expect that the individual poor person had his or her “legal remedy,” as they assert, against the parson for his or her part of the tithes. The fact is, that the incumbents began in the thirteenth century to consider themselves not as trustees but actual owners of all the tithes of their parishes, and doled out to the poor some alms, and therefore kept up a semblance of assisting the poor. It is remarkable that lay and clerical rectors in receipt of the rectorial tithes are bound, up to the present time, to keep the chancel of the church in proper repair, and if blown down, to rebuild it. This is a remnant of the original claim on the tithes to repair the fabric of the church. The monastic rectors set the example of totally neglecting to repair the churches appropriated to them, and the parishioners, for their own comfort and convenience, collected funds among themselves to keep the churches in repair, although it is a fact that the owner of the rectorial tithes was bound by common and canon law to keep in repair the whole church fabric, including not only the chancel but also the body of the church.[231] The secular rectors were not slow in following the example of the religious rectors, and in course of time they saddled the parishioners with the expenses of repairing the body of the church. The present trustees have therefore misappropriated all the tithes to their own use. Again, it is stated by Lord Selborne and others that when the poor laws were enacted, Parliament would have made the tithe-owners contribute to the support of the poor, if it thought they were bound to set apart a portion of the tithes for this purpose. But who were then the law-makers? The majority of them were then in possession of the extensive monastic tithes, and landed properties. It is well known that the properties were handed over to them subject to the same burdens which had been attached to the same properties when they were in possession of the monastic bodies; but the new owners ignored these burdens. CHAPTER XI. _THE FIRST POOR LAW ACT._ The first Act for the relief of the poor was passed in 1535 (27 Henry VIII., c. xxv.).