Italy: artistic spirit, 65; democratic civilization, 66; the Renaissance, 67; introduction of printing, 68; early cuts, 68; general characterization of the engraved work, 85; decline, 86; chiaroscuro-engraving, 87-89; influence on Holbein, 117, 118. Jackson, John Baptist, 148. Jegher, Christopher, 147. Jerome, St., Epistles of, 70, 71. Juengling, F., 195, 200. Kerver, Thielman, 62. King, F. S., 189, 193. Kirkall, Edward, 148. Kruell, G., 200. Landscape, modern, 186-195. Lavoignat, H., 169. Le Caron, Pierre, 60. Le Clerc, Jean, 139, 140. Leech, John, 168. Leloir, Auguste, 169. Le Rouge, Pierre, 60. Le Sueur, Pierre, 148. Leyden, Lukas van, 110, 147. Linton, W. J., 168, 176, 200. Little Masters, 111. Livens, Jean, 147. _Livres d’Heures_, 60-62. Lorch, Melchior, 114. Lorme, Philibert de, 140. Lucchesini, 148. Lützelburger, Hans, 129. Lyons: earliest seat of the art in France, 59; character of the earlier press, 59; the later press, 140. Magazines: use and influence, 167. Marchand, Guyot, 60, 62. Marsh, Henry, 176, 186. Maximilian, Emperor: life and character, 97; works executed by his order--the Triumphal Car, 98; Gate of Triumph, 99; the Triumphal Procession, 99-105; The Adventures of Sir Tewrdannckh, 106; The Wise King, 106; influence of his patronage, 109. Mayence press, 46, 53, 55, 57. Metal-engraving earlier than wood-engraving, 18. Middle Ages: position of goldsmiths, 14-18; impersonal spirit, 26; value of painting, 28, 31; immobility of mind, 32; religious temper and intellectual life, 40, 41; art, typical, 53; illustrated by Dürer, 92; by Maximilian’s works, 99-105; by the Dance of Death, 121. Moni, Jean, 141. Nanto, Francesco da, 145. Nesbit, Charlton, 164. Netherlands: civilization in, 37; wood-engraving probably invented in, 38; decline of, 47, 57, 147. Nicolo, Giuseppe, 146. Nuremburg: prints, 26; playing-cards, 27; Bible, 50; Chronicle, 53; press, 57, 114. Painting, place of, in mediæval popular civilization, 28, 31. Papillon, Jean, the Elder, 148; the Younger, 20. Paris: character of the Parisian press, 59, 60; early books and printers, 60; the _Livres d’Heures_, 60, secular books, 62, 63. Périssin, Jacques, 140. Pfister, Book of Fables, 56. Pigouchet, Philippe, 62. Playing-cards, 27. Pleydenwurff, William, 53. Pliny, reference to Varro’s portraits, 20. Porret, 169. Porto, Giovanni Battista del, 145. Portraits, modern, 198, 200-202. Principles of wood-engraving, 180-185. Processes: engraving in relief on wood known to the ancients, 13; of taking impressions, 17; _en manière criblée_, 18; of taking off the holy prints, 21, 22; of block-printing, 30; of cross-hatching, 55; of chiaroscuro-engraving, 87-89; white-line and Bewick’s other reforms, 151-155. Pynson, Richard, 64. Raimondi, Marc Antonio, 96, 142. Reformation reflected in wood-engraving, 51, 112, 117, 120, 126, 132.