[457] Charts on a larger scale, but of a later date, are available, and enable us to trace the physical features of the coast, but their nomenclature is not always that of the original discoverers. Nor are we so fortunate as to possess such full descriptions of the coast as are to be found in the “Africa Pilot”, for the _Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis_ (1505) of the famous Duarte Pacheco Pereira stops short at the Rio de Infante; whilst works such as Linschoten’s _Itinerarium ofte Schipvaert_, belong either to a much later epoch, or are of too general a nature to prove of use when attempting to identify the more obscure place-names. I think it was Admiral Ignacio da Costa Quintella, the author of the _Annaes da marinha Portugueza_, who regretted that the task of writing the history of Portuguese exploration should have devolved almost exclusively upon landsmen, who neglected to give satisfactory accounts of the routes followed by the early navigators. This regret we fully share. [458] See, for instance, A. Mori, in _Atti IIº Congresso Geogr. Italiana_, Rome, 1895, who describes maps by him in a “Ptolemy” in the Biblioteca Nazionale at Florence. [459] The late Dr. Kohl published a facsimile of this map in the _Zeitschrift für Erdkunde_, I, 1856, but it is not very accurate. That portion of the map which lies between the Guinea islands and Dias’s furthest accompanies my Paper on “Cão, Dias and Behaim”, in the _Geographical Journal_. [460] A legend (near the southern tropic and on the meridian of Lisbon) refers to Santa Cruz as “ysla descubierta por portugal”. [461] There are flags at Abaran, c. etiopico and quinonico. [462] A fine facsimile of this map was published at Madrid, in 1892, by Antonio Cánovas Vallego and Prof. Traynor, together with a biographical sketch of Juan de la Cosa by Antonio Vasáno. [463] A. Galvano, _The Discoveries of the World_, London (Hakluyt Society), 1862, p. 98; and _The Letters of Vespucci_, translated by Sir C. R. Markham, _ib._ 1894. [464] This carries us almost to Hawaii. [465] The words “questo avemo visto”, to the south of Moçambique, point to the use of an original sailing chart. [466] Reproduced in Sir Clements R. Markham’s _Journal of Christopher Columbus_, London, 1893, where also see Cantino’s letters. [467] _Die topographischen Capitel des Indischen Seespiegels Mohit_, von Dr. M. Bittner, Vienna, 1897, with thirty maps by Dr. Tomaschek. [468] Even Ptolemy seems to have been in possession of some of these Indian sailing charts, and Dr. Tomaschek suggests that the monstrous size of his Taprobana, or Ceylon, is due to his having mistaken the horizontal lines crossing these charts for parallels drawn at intervals of a degree. [469] Africa to the north of Mozambique measures 28° across on Canerio’s chart, and 25° on Cantino’s, the actual breadth being 26°. [470] _Le Portulan de Nicolas de Canerio_ (Bulletin de la Soc. de Géogr. de Lyon, 1890). [471] _Geographie du Moyen Age_, ii, p. 143.