[19]The names of the signers were first printed in Nathaniel Morton’s _New England’s Memorial_ (Cambridge, 1669). In alphabetical order, they are: John Alden, Isaac Allerton, John Allerton, John Billington, William Bradford, William Brewster, Richard Britteridge, Peter Brown, John Carver, James Chilton, Richard Clark, Francis Cook, John Crackstone, Edward Doten, Francis Eaton, Thomas English, Moses Fletcher, Edward Fuller, Samuel Fuller, Richard Gardiner, John Goodman, Stephen Hopkins, John Howland, Edward Leister, Edmond Margeson, Christopher Martin, William Mullins, Digory Priest, John Ridgedale, Thomas Rogers, George Soule, Miles Standish, Edward Tilley, John Tilley, Thomas Tinker, John Turner, Richard Warren, William White, Thomas Williams, Edward Winslow, Gilbert Winslow. [20]spade’s [21]A large longboat which can be rowed, or fitted with a small mast and sails. [22]An indication of the overcrowded conditions aboard the _Mayflower_ is the fact that some passengers slept in the shallop, which had been partially disassembled for easier storage. [23]The frequent mention of sassafras is understandable in view of the immense commercial value of that plant in the early seventeenth century; the root and bark were sold as medicines throughout the Old World. [24]overturned [25]Cf. note 2, p. 16. [26]It is little wonder that the Indians later took the Pilgrims to task for having appropriated dried corn from such caches where it had been stored. [27]Most of their guns were matchlocks. [28]sapling [29]artfully; skillfully [30]A quaint touch of humor. [31]hafting [32]More likely, pneumonia. [33]I.e., corn. [34]Knowledge of Indian attacks on white settlers in the Spanish colonies and in what is now Virginia had led the Pilgrims to expect ill of them. [35]I.e., the slow-burning wicks of their matchlock muskets. [36][of a yard] [37]a large strong needle used for sewing packages in stout cloth [38]stakes [39]simmer; boil [40]Agawam; now, Ipswich, Massachusetts. [41]harpoon [42]swooned [43]brooks [44]I.e., 45 inches. [45]saplings [46]A kind of flintlock musket. [47]This defies translation. It is probably less an accurate transcription of specific Algonquian words than an Englishman’s vague approximation of the incomprehensible sounds which seemed threatening to him in such a context. [48]The landing at Plymouth is reported here as having been almost fortuitous, although some scholars believe that a few of the leaders may long before have planned to settle at that site. Clearly there is nothing here that can be construed as referring to “Plymouth Rock.” [49]hindered [50]Presumably a misprint for _skate_. [51]spade’s [52]loose friable earth [53]fertile; rich [54]aspen