Let any one who doubts the evil of this mixture of races, and is inclined, from a mistaken philanthropy, to break down all barriers between them, come to Brazil. He cannot deny the deterioration consequent upon an amalgamation of races, more wide-spread here than in any other country in the world, and which is rapidly effacing the best qualities of the white man, the negro, and the Indian, leaving a mongrel nondescript type, deficient in physical and mental energy. At a time when the new social status of the negro is a subject of vital importance in our statesmanship, we should profit by the experience of a country where, though slavery exists, there is far more liberality toward the free negro than he has ever enjoyed in the United States. Let us learn the double lesson: open all the advantages of education to the negro, and give him every chance of success which culture gives to the man who knows how to use it; but respect the laws of nature, and let all our dealings with the black man tend to preserve, as far as possible, the distinctness of his national characteristics, and the integrity of our own.—L. A. Footnote 86: For some remarks concerning the structural peculiarities of the Indians and Negroes, see Appendix No. V. CHAPTER X. EXCURSION TO MAUHES AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. LEAVE MANAOS.—ON BOARD THE “IBICUHY.”—NAVIGATION OF THE RIVER RAMOS.—ASPECT OF THE BANKS.—ARRIVAL AT MAUHES.—SITUATION OF MAUHES.—TUPINAMBARANAS.—CHARACTER OF POPULATION.—APPEARANCE OF THE VILLAGES OF MAUHES.—BOLIVIAN INDIANS.—GUARANÀ.—EXCURSION TO MUCAJA-TUBA.—MUNDURUCU INDIANS.—ASPECT OF VILLAGE.—CHURCH.—DISTRIBUTION OF PRESENTS.—GENEROSITY OF THE INDIANS.—THEIR INDIFFERENCE.—VISIT TO ANOTHER SETTLEMENT.—RETURN TO MAUHES.—ARRIVAL OF MUNDURUCUS IN THE VILLAGE.—DESCRIPTION OF TATTOOING.—COLLECTION.—BOTO.—INDIAN SUPERSTITIONS.—PALM COLLECTION.—WALK IN THE FOREST.—LEAVE MAUHES.—MUNDURUCU INDIAN AND HIS WIFE.—THEIR MANNERS AND APPEARANCE.—INDIAN TRADITION.—DISTINCTIONS OF CASTE.